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<p> <a title="top"></a><span></span><br><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Table 1.</strong> Basic properties<sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> of the selected soil samples. </span> </p> <p></p><table><tbody><tr><td> <table><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Sample<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Soil<sup></sup><br> horizon<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Soil<sup></sup><br> classification<sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/Dagger.gif" alt="{ddagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Source<sup></sup><br> of P<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Sand<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Clay<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">OM<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">pH<sup></sup><br> (water)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">M3Ca<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">M3P<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>t</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Al<sub>ox</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Fe<sub>ox</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Fe<sub>ox</sub>/Fe<sub>dc</sub><br></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">_ g kg<sup>-1</sup> _<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">_ mg kg<sup>-1</sup> _<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">mmol kg<sup>-1</sup><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">sb2.1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"> Ap</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">TH</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">mineral</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">280</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">192</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">82</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">5.8</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1116</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">38</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">2076</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">673</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">116</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.81</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Ma2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"> Ap</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">AH</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">manure</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">800</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">50</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">66</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">6.2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1374</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">103</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1189</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">282</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">117</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.81</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">PV2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"> Ap</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">AH</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">mineral</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">77</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">750</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">40</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">7.4</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">3112</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">63</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1223</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">76</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">122</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.72</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Ma3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"> Bg</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">AH</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">manure</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">620</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">30</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">28</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">5.5</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">316</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">10</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">814</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">182</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">92</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.61</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">AI2<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"> Bg<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">TH<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">mineral<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">438<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">254<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">3<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">7.6<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1519<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">4<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">884<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">29<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">58<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.23<br></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table><p> <span style="font-size:small;"><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> OM, organic matter content; M3Ca and M3P, Mehlich III–extractable calcium and phosphorus; P<sub>t</sub>, soil total phosphorus determined after digestion with concentrated H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as in the last step of the fractionation; Al<sub>ox</sub> and Fe<sub>ox</sub>, ammonium oxalate–extractable aluminum and iron; Fe<sub>dc</sub>, dithionite + citrate–extractable iron. </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/Dagger.gif" alt="{ddagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> TH, Typic Humaquepts; AH, Aeric Humaquepts. </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"> <br></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"></span> </p> <p> <a title="top"></a><span></span><br><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Table 2.</strong> Sequential P fractionation<sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> of the soil samples ± standard deviations. </span> </p> <p></p><table><tbody><tr><td> <table><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">NaHCO<sub>3</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">NaOH<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Sample<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Resin P<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>i</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>o</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>t</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>i</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>o</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">P<sub>t</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">HCl<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub><br></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">_ mg kg<sup>-1</sup> _<br></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">sb2.1-A</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">98 ± 7 (5)<sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/Dagger.gif" alt="{ddagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">127 ± 3 (6)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">100 ± 6 (5)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">227 ± 9 (11)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">743 ± 6 (34)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">456 ± 43 (21)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1199 ± 46 (55)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">434 ± 18 (20)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">200 ± 39 (9)</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Ma2-A</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">77 ± 4 (5)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">107 ± 6 (8)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">76 ± 12 (5)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">183 ± 18 (13)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">427 ± 28 (30)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">194 ± 29 (14)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">621 ± 50 (44)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">374 ± 32 (27)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">147 ± 23 (11)</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">PV2-A</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">86 ± 1 (7)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">34 ± 3 (3)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">48 ± 5 (4)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">82 ± 6 (7)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">84 ± 5 (7)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">154 ± 10 (13)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">238 ± 13 (20)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">476 ± 4 (40)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">304 ± 43 (26)</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Ma3-B</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">18 ± 10 (2)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">15 ± 1 (2)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">47 ± 6 (6)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">62 ± 7 (8)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">82 ± 3 (10)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">133 ± 13 (17)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">215 ± 16 (27)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">401 ± 30 (50)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">102 ± 12 (13)</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">AI2-B<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">24 ± 4 (3)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">5 ± 1 (1)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">19 ± 2 (2)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">23 ± 2 (3)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">10 ± 0 (1)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">19 ± 4 (3)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">29 ± 4 (4)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">577 ± 6 (71)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">155 ± 17 (19)<br></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table><p> <span style="font-size:small;"><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> P<sub>i</sub>, inorganic phosphorus; P<sub>o</sub>, organic phosphorus; P<sub>t</sub>, total phosphorus; resin P, the most available inorganic phosphorus; NaHCO<sub>3</sub>–P, labile phosphorus sorbed on the soil surface; NaOH-P, phosphorus chemisorbed to aluminum or iron; HCl-P, apatite-type minerals; H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–P, chemically stable organic phosphorus and relatively insoluble inorganic phosphorus. </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/Dagger.gif" alt="{ddagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> The numbers in parentheses are the percentage of each fraction relative to the sum of all fractions. </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"> <br></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"></span> </p> <p> <a title="top"></a><span></span><br><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Table 3.</strong> Phosphorus K-XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) fitting results showing the relative proportion (percentage, normalized to sum = 100) of each phosphate standard that yielded the best fit to the soil XANES data in linear combination fitting. </span> </p> <p></p><table><tbody><tr><td> <table><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Sample<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Goodness<sup></sup><br> of fit (<img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/khgr.gif" alt="{chi}" style="border:0px solid;"><sup>2</sup>)<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Sum of fractions before<sup></sup><br> normalization<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">PO<sub>4</sub> on<sup></sup><br> ferrihydrite<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">PO<sub>4</sub> on<sup></sup><br> goethite<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">PO<sub>4</sub> on Al<sup></sup><br> hydroxide<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">PO<sub>4</sub> on alumina<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Noncrystalline<sup></sup><br> FePO<sub>4</sub><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Hydroxyapatite<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">Octacalcium<sup></sup><br> phosphate<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"><em>Total PO<sub>4</sub> on Fe-<sup></sup><br> or Al-oxide</em><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"><em>Total Ca<sup></sup><br> phosphate</em><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup><br></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">_ % of total P ± standard error<sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/Dagger.gif" alt="{ddagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> _<br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">_ % of total P _<br></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">sb2.1-A</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.15</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">1.32</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">54 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">34 ± 3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">12 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">88</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">12</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Ma2-A</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.06</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.95</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">60 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">22 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">18 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">60</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">18</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">PV2-A (1)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.16</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.91</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">23 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">24 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">53 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">23</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">77</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">PV2-A (2)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.17</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.91</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">27 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">27 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">46 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">27</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">73</span></td> </tr><tr><td><em><span style="font-size:small;">PV2-A mean</span></em></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><em><span style="font-size:small;">25</span></em></td> <td><em><span style="font-size:small;">75</span></em></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">Ma3-B</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.88</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">44 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">11 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">45 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">44</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">56</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">AI2-B (1)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.05</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.66</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">17 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">59 ± 3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">24 ± 3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">17</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">83</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">AI2-B (2)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.05</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.68</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">15 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">59 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">26 ± 3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">15</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">85</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">AI2-B (3)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.05</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.68</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">18 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">58 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">24 ± 3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">18</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">82</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;">AI2-B (4)</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.05</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">0.71</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">16 ± 1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">59 ± 2</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">25 ± 3</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">16</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;">84</span></td> </tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:small;"><em>AI2-B mean</em><br></span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><br><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"><em>17</em><br></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:small;"><em>83</em><br></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table><p> <span style="font-size:small;"><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/dagger.gif" alt="{dagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> Total PO<sub>4</sub> on Fe- or Al-oxide is the sum of PO<sub>4</sub> adsorbed on ferrihydrite, goethite, Al hydroxide, or alumina. Total Ca phosphate is the sum of hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate. </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"><sup><img src="http://jeq.scijournals.org/math/Dagger.gif" alt="{ddagger}" style="border:0px solid;"></sup> Percent of total P after normalization to sum = 100% ± computed standard errors for the linear coefficients. </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"><br></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:small;"></span> </p>
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