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<p><strong>Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France</strong> </p> <p><strong>Serge Lebel<sup></sup>, Erik Trinkaus<sup><img alt="dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/dagger.gif"></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"></sup><sup>,</sup><a href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/20/11097#FN153"><sup>§</sup></a>, Martine Faure<sup>¶</sup>, Philippe Fernandez<sup><img alt="\|\|" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/scr/par.gif"></sup>, Claude Guérin<sup><img alt="\|\|" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/scr/par.gif"></sup>, Daniel Richter<sup></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><img alt="dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/dagger.gif"><img alt="dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/dagger.gif"></sup>, Norbert Mercier<sup><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"></sup>, Helène Valladas<sup><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"></sup>, and Günther A. Wagner<sup></sup></strong></p> <p><em><sup></sup> Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Atmosphère, Université de Québec à Montréal, Casse Postale 8888, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8; <sup><img alt="dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/dagger.gif"></sup> Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; <sup><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"></sup> Unité Mixte de Recherche 5809 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé, Université de Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence, France; <sup>¶</sup> Unité Mixte de Recherche Paléoenvironnements et Paléobiosphère, Université Lumière-Lyon 2, 7 Rue Raulin, 69007 Lyon, France; <sup><img alt="\|\|" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/scr/par.gif"></sup> Unité Mixte de Recherche Paléoenvironnements et Paléobiosphère du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Terre, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, 27-43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; <sup>**</sup> Forschungsstelle Archäometrie der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften am Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 10 39 80, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany; <sup><img alt="dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/dagger.gif"><img alt="dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/dagger.gif"></sup> Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal; and <sup><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"><img alt="Dagger" src="http://www.pnas.org/math/12pt/normal/Dagger.gif"></sup> Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France</em> </p> <p> <br><br>The discovery of later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, France reinforces an evolutionary model of the gradual accumulation of Neandertal-derived facial and dental features during the Middle Pleistocene of the northwestern Old World. The pronounced maxillary incisor beveling of Aubesier 4 helps to extend the antiquity of nondietary use of the anterior dentition. The interproximal "toothpick" groove on the Aubesier 10 molar increases the sample for these lesions. The pathological loss of the mandibular dentition of Aubesier 11 indicates advanced antemortem masticatory impairment, at a level previously undocumented before the Late Pleistocene. These remains support a view of later Middle Pleistocene humans able to support debilitated individuals despite the considerable use of their bodies to accomplish routine activities. <br><br>human paleontology \| paleopathology \| Neandertals \| Archaic Homo \| Europe <br></p> <p><em>PNAS, September 25, 2001, vol. 98, no. 20, 11097-11102.</em><br></p>
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