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<h2>Osmoregulation</h2> <p>Osmoregulation is the regulation of water concentrations in the bloodstream, effectively controlling the amount of water available for cells to absorb.</p> <p>The homeostatic control of water is as follows</p> <ul><li>A change in water concentration leads to active via negative feedback control </li> <li>Osmoreceptors that are capable of detecting water concentration are situated on the hypothalamus next to the circulatory system </li> <li>The hypothalamus sends chemical messages to the pituitary gland next to it. </li> <li>The pituitary gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which targets the kidney responsible for maintaining water levels. </li> <li>When the hormone reaches its target tissue, it alters the tubules of the kidney to become more / less permeable to water </li> <li>If more water is required in the blood stream, high concentrations of ADH make the tubules more permeable. </li> <li>If less water is required in the blood stream, low concentrations of ADH make the tubules less permeable. </li> <li>This is illustrated by the flow chart below </li> </ul><p><img alt="Negative Feedback Control of Water in Animals" src="/images/water_regulation.gif"></p> <h2>Evolutionary Adaptations in Water Regulation</h2> <p>Some of the tutorial pages in the adaptation tutorial investigate some of the evolutionary adaptations that organisms have achieved through natural selection. This looks at</p> <ul><li>Ways in which both animals and plants can be better adapted to cope with extreme environments (desert or wetlands). </li> <li>These changes can be behavioural, physical or anatomical, and in some way promote water regulation. </li> <li>Both plant and animal adaptations are investigated </li> </ul><h2>More Homeostasis</h2> <p>The body also contains negative feedback control mechanisms for the control of blood sugar concentration and temperature regulation. These types of homeostasis are described on the next page.</p>
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