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<p>Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have developed a new way of seeingwith X-ray "eyes" no less. Using its novel instrument, the NIST team can clearly glimpse minute voids, tiny cracks and other sometimes indiscernible microstructural details over a three-dimensional expanse in a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics and biological specimens.</p> <p>In its current form, the technologycalled ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering or USAXS imagingfunctions much like a film camera, albeit a highly specialized one. And where a camera needs a flash to create images, USAXS has the ultimate flashthe Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory. Measuring 1,104 meters (nearly 0.7 mile) around, the APS is a new-generation synchrotron. It produces an abundance of extremely uniform high-energy X-rays that make the new imaging technique work.</p> <p>USAXS itself is an already established research technique, yielding plots of data points that correspond to angles and intensities of X-rays scattered by a specimen. With the new system, graphed curves become high-resolution pictures. And when taken from different perspectives, pictures can be assembled into three-dimensional images.</p> <p>Images are actually maps of the small fraction of X-rays thatinstead of being absorbed or transmitted through the sampleare scattered by electrons in the material. </p> <div> </div> <p><em>Source: </em><a href="http://www.nist.gov/"><em>National Institute Of Standards And Technology</em></a><em>. December 2001.</em></p>
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