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<p style="margin-left:-5.65pt;"> <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;">Though the DNA sequence is invariant across the tissues, yet the epigenetic microenvironment dictates tissue-specific variation.<span> </span>The mammoth Human Genome Project unraveled the nucleotide sequences for nearly 40,000 genes.<span> </span>Their differential and possibly preferential expression is invariably under the guidance and involvement of epigenetic factors. The degree of evaluation of these epigenetic factors, their quantification and relations with the corresponding regions of genome need to be understood for the successful prognostic measures in the prevention of human diseases associated with aging, inborn errors and cellular differentiation (Table.3).<span> </span>Therefore, attempts are under progress since two years for an international consensus in the epigenetic community to establish an organized Human Epigenome Project, which may perhaps focus on identification, cataloguing and interpreting genome wide methylation patterns - which are intricately involved in diverse biological processes and etiology of many diseases.<span> </span>The cataloguing of such methylation variable positions will invariably improve our understanding of epigenome biology and our ability to diagnose diseases (34)<sup>.</sup></span> </p> <p style="margin-left:-5.65pt;"> <sup><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;"> </span></sup></p> <p style="margin-left:-5.65pt;"> <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;">A beginning is made to set up Human Epigenome Consortium by the collaboration of Sanger Centre, Epigenomics AG and the Centre National de Genotypage.<span> </span>Adopting automated bisulphite DNA sequencing technique, they are advancing to unfold 150 loci in the MHC region on chromosome 6.<span> </span>One of the pioneers in the field viz. Thomas Jenuwein, Vienna, (Austria), is heading European Epigenome Network.<span> </span>Another group viz., High throughput Epigenetic Regulatory Organisation in Chromatin (HEROIC) led by Henk Stunnenberg is aiming at developing tools for the analysis of complex chromatin-DNA interaction.<span> </span>One of the private/public partnerships being funded by the German government is running under the leadership of Joerg Hoheisel.<span> </span><span> </span>Recently, the American Association for Cancer Research Sponsored a Workshop (35) to formulate a proposal for a Human Epigenome Project with a working group aiming at the evaluation of epigenetic factors concerned with the tissues of pathological states. </span> </p> <p style="margin-left:-5.65pt;"> <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;"> </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;">Callinan and Feinberg (36) cited an example that was reported by Fraga et al., (37) illustrating the prevalence of epigenetic disparities between monozygotic twins with a consequent upsurge during ageing.<span> </span>This is a remarkable example displaying phenotypic discordance for complex diseases such as psychiatric disorders and thus highlighting the contribution of individual’s epigenotype to the phenotypic manifestation of the inherited genotype.<span> </span>The public data base for epigenomics is available at <a href="http://www.epigenome.org/">http://WWW.epigenome.org</a>.<span> </span></span> </p> <p> </p>
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