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Dictionary » T » Translation

Translation

Definition

noun

A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA.


Supplement

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the ribosomes are located. It consists of four phases:
(1) activation – the correct amino acid is covalently bonded to the correct tRNA – a step required for translation to proceed
(2) initiation - the small subunit of the ribosome binds to 5' end of mRNA with the help of initiation factors (IF)
(3) elongation – the next aminoacyl-tRNA in line binds to the ribosome along with GTP and an elongation factor.
(4) termination - the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA)


Word origin: L trānslātiōn- (s. of trānslātiō) a transferring, equiv. to trānslāt(us) + -iōn.

Related forms: translational (adjective), translationally (adverb).
Related phrases: nick translation.

See also: protein synthesis.


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Cycloheximide-increase in protein levels???

It would suggest that some production of your protein is not translation-driven. Can another protein be enzymatically converted into the one you're looking at? Could there be a storage-release issue, with the stored version not showing up until it's coverted ...

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by Darby
Sun Jan 27, 2013 7:03 pm
 
Forum: General Discussion
Topic: Cycloheximide-increase in protein levels???
Replies: 1
Views: 275

Cycloheximide-increase in protein levels???

Hi everyone, In order to find out the half life of my protein of interest, I treated my cells with cycloheximide(CHX), which is an eukaryotic translation inhibitor, through different time intervals. Then, I looked at the protein amounts by Western Blot. However, I saw that as I left them in medium ...

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by sciencemakerinthelab
Sun Jan 27, 2013 2:56 pm
 
Forum: General Discussion
Topic: Cycloheximide-increase in protein levels???
Replies: 1
Views: 275

Amp selection with no recovery

... taught this trick years ago and was told that the reason it worked had to do with the fact that amp affects cell wall biosynthesis (rather than translation) and once the cells began making ampicillinase, their cell walls could recover and cells would grow. Translational inhibitors obviously ...

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by daknecht
Sat Dec 08, 2012 4:54 pm
 
Forum: Molecular Biology
Topic: Amp selection with no recovery
Replies: 1
Views: 365

protiens

1)main roles of the following post-translation modifications of proteins: match the following a)Phosphorylaton --------- 1)Association with membrane b)Glycosidation ----------- 2)Cell-cell recognition c)Acylation ------ ---- 3)Degradation ...

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by 2468
Tue Dec 04, 2012 1:11 am
 
Forum: Molecular Biology
Topic: protiens
Replies: 1
Views: 463

The influence of area on the number of species

Yello everyone, So my biology book states (free translation) : " The surface area of an area influences the biodiversity. The number of species doubles when the area grows ten times. Or the other way; when the area reduces to 10% the number ...

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by Chiabete
Thu Nov 22, 2012 3:38 pm
 
Forum: Ecology
Topic: The influence of area on the number of species
Replies: 1
Views: 388
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