Strands

... S-phase, each chromosome consists of one strand of DNA. The DNA is copied during S-phase. So, after S-phase, each chromosome consists of two strands. When the DNA is coiled, the two strands are referred to as sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are what make chromosomes X-shaped. However, ...

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... heard of priming the template backwards (parallel). I have never heard of a natural system making parallel complementary transcripts from opposite strands of an antiparallel DNA duplex. OK, there might be something new for us to learn about here. To reiterate Jack, "Source?"

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You cannot transcribe from both strands in the same direction. Would you mind to share your source?

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if they are transcribed from opposite strands (on the same locus of course) than they are complementary and can bind to each other just as the DNA strands do

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... heard of a case of parallel complementary binding. However, you said that the miRNA and mRNA are complementary and are transcribed from opposite strands of DNA. This makes miRNA and mRNA antiparallel because their templates, the two strands of DNA, are both complementary and antiparallel.

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