Retardation

http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ge/gel+retardation+assay.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoretic_mobility_shift_assay http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/10540.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC46137/ ...

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... if you remember from physics or chemistry "the degenerated orbitals", which are of the same energy. So, the meaning is not like mental retardation, but more likely not being perfect ;)

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No. But too much y-encoded protein leads to symptoms like aggressiveness and slight mental retardation. If there is too much x-chromosomes, all except of one will be inactivated. But due to incomplete inactivation there will always be symptoms.

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... someone in our lab was spinning it down (!) and drawing off the supernatant to use in her reactions, ruining the whole aliquot. When it comes to retardation, the perpetrator is never the only victim ;) Ask other lab members what they do to find out if they're sabotaging you.

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... 441-446.Brody, N. (1992). Intelligence. New York: Academic Press. Broman, S. H., Nichols, P. L., Shaughnessy, P. & Kennedy, W. (1987). Retardation in young children. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. New York: ...

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