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Definition

noun, plural: syntheses

(biology) The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA and various enzymes.

Supplement

It includes processes such as:

• Amino acid synthesis, a set of biochemical processes that produce amino acids from carbon sources like glucose. (Not all amino acids are produced by the body, other amino acids are obtained from diet)
• Transcription, the process by which an mRNA template, encoding the sequence of the protein in the form of a trinucleotide code, is transcribed from DNA to provide a template for translation
• Translation, the process in which amino acids are linked together in a specific order according to the rules specified by the genetic code

Word origin: protein: from Late Greek prōteios, of the first quality, from Greek prōtos, first; synthesis: Latin, collection, from Greek sunthesis, from suntithenai, to put together.