Precision

... However, unless working with very bizarre strains, the OD will give you a good idea of the cell number +/- 1 order of magnitude. It can be enough precision or not depending on what you want to do

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... I could get a 100x objective cheaply enough (about $40) and have a condenser lens that gets the light in a good shaped cone to send up and a few precision photographic enlarger lenses of three strengths with irises on each to further change how the slide is lit from below. But I'm not sure whether ...

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... Bacterial Plasmids in vitro", which described a technique to isolate and amplify genes or DNA segments and insert them into another cell with precision, creating a transgenic bacterium. Recombinant DNA technology was made possible by the discovery of restriction endonucleases by Werner Arber, ...

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... that I forget) but instead will express these viral proteins without dying. Infected epithelial stem cells will replicate faster and with lower precision because these two tumor suppressors are non-functional. Together these two effects allow the accumulation of errors that could lead to cancer.

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Higher quality microscopes have an adjusting knob for moving the stage, which is essentialy moving the slide, but with more precision. It is mentioned in that link I provided earlier, as well as FOV.

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