Phosphorylation

... do not have a hydroxyl group on Carbon 1 and have a carbonyl group instead. You need a hydroxyl group to create the phosphoester bond during the phosphorylation reaction).

See entire post

Since I have yet to learn about phosphorylation, I can only answer your second question about 'the transformation of galactose to fructose' . If I'm not mistaken, no , galactose cannot be transformed/converted to fructose (a sugar found in ...

See entire post

... plants also carry out cellular respiration, which consists of glycolysis (which occurs in the cytosol of cells) and citric acid cycle + oxidative phosphorylation (which occur in the mitochondria of cells). Independently from this, plant cells also carry out photosynthesis, where water and carbon ...

See entire post

... acid cycle --> electron transport chain --> produces a total of 32 ATP So here is what i am confused about. For plants, they go through photophosphorylation instead of the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain) in which the photophosphorylation produces ATP and NADPH which is ...

See entire post

... use 20 common AMINO ACIDS as building blocks of protein (though there are close to 100 different amino acids that are observed in proteomics: phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, and hydroxylations of the common amino acids are just a few of the modifications we know of so far).

See entire post