Mutagens

... to life. If that is indeed your argument, then I have two challenges to offer: 1) If mutation cannot cause antibiotic resistance, then why do mutagens increase the speed with which resistance-conferring variants arise? 2) If these variants exist in such small numbers, and they get no benefit ...

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... for carcinogen is wrong, I mistakenly defined "mutagen," not "carcinogen." A carcinogen is just any cancer-causing agent. Many mutagens are carcinogens.

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... Or you could take some of those clonal populations and cause them to have a higher error rate in DNA synthesis. (Probably by addition of certain mutagens, or knockout/inhibition of a repair enzyme.) If the result is programmed and has nothing to do with the error rate, then the cell will again ...

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Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used in treating cancer. These mutagens can cause cancer, so why do you suppose they are used to threat the disease? Is it because it inserts new data to delete a certain part of the DNA?

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You mean mutate it's genome? Same way you'd do it with anything else: using mutagens like radiation or chemicals I'd imagine.

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