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Dictionary » H » Horizontal

Horizontal

Horizontal

1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. Horizontal misty air.

2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface.

3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. Horizontal fire, the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation.

(Science: physics) horizontal force, the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.

Origin: cf. F. Horizontal.


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cellular mechanisms that result in symptoms of cholera

... Cl−, and HCO3− into the lumen of the small intestine and rapid dehydration. The gene encoding the cholera toxin is introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. cholerae carry a variant of temperate bacteriophage called CTXf or CTXφ.

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by adithya528
Tue Dec 11, 2012 1:49 pm
 
Forum: Cell Biology
Topic: cellular mechanisms that result in symptoms of cholera
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Views: 1075

Evolutionary mechanisms

... are just as important or more important? Here is a list of the mechanisms/processes I have found: gene flow, genetic draft, genetic hitchhiking, horizontal gene transfer, endosymbiosis, symbiogenesis, paleopolyploidy (genome duplications), group selection, internal selection, kin selection, social ...

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by Forests
Wed Nov 07, 2012 3:14 pm
 
Forum: Evolution
Topic: Evolutionary mechanisms
Replies: 3
Views: 810

Re: Theories - Origin of Life

... genes. Where those genes came from is not important at the moment. You focus on this and completely ignore the larger issue of the irrelevancy of horizontal gene transfer.

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by Luxorien
Thu Oct 04, 2012 5:09 pm
 
Forum: Evolution
Topic: Theories - Origin of Life
Replies: 548
Views: 534595

Help - Why can't DNA be parallel?

... the numbering of the ribose sugars. The thing I am confused about is when you look at the two strands, for the one from 3'-5', the base is flipped horizontally (so it can base pair, yes) but THEN the ribose and phosphate are flipped upside down. But the thing is, couldn't they still technically ...

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by keetner
Sun Sep 30, 2012 4:56 am
 
Forum: Molecular Biology
Topic: Help - Why can't DNA be parallel?
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Views: 1438

Re: Evolution is not Darwinian

American biologist James A. Shapiro in his book Evolution: A View from the 21st Century (2011) has written that evolutionary mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer, symbiogenesis, whole genome doubling and natural genetic engineering are all non-Darwinian and can not be fitted into the modern ...

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by wbla3335
Wed Sep 26, 2012 4:10 pm
 
Forum: Evolution
Topic: Evolution is not Darwinian
Replies: 4
Views: 1249
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