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Dictionary » G » Genome

Genome

Definition

noun, plural: genomes

(1) The complete set of genes in an organism.

(2) The total genetic content in one set of chromosomes.


Supplement

The genome of eukaryotes is contained in a single, haploid set of chromosomes. The genome of bacteria is contained in a single chromosome whereas the genome of viruses is in the DNA or RNA.

The human genome is made up of approximately 35000 genes, or three billion chemical base pairs.

Word origin: a portmanteau of the words gene and chromosome.
Related forms: genomic (adjective), genomics (noun), genomewide (adjective).
Related phrases: Human Genome Project, mitochondrial genome.
Compare: proteome.
See also: genes, DNA.


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Chromosomes

... often seemed and it has been a beneficial thing for plants in cold climates. And if you have an organism like an ophioglossum fern which has its genome divided between around n=600 chromosomes, an extra chromosome has so few genes that it may just be beneficial in some environments.

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by MrMistery
Fri Nov 20, 2009 2:40 pm
 
Forum: Human Biology
Topic: Chromosomes
Replies: 5
Views: 46

Re: About Physiological Darwinism:From Fitness to Optimality

... reduceing the reproductive success rate. Attached： From Phenotypic Plasticity to Deep Structure ——New Approach of The Experimental Biology at Postgenome Era Having completed the sequencing of human genome and model animals and plants, molecular biology is shifting to a new era decoding the modulation ...

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by wellalt
Thu Nov 19, 2009 1:45 pm
 
Forum: Evolution
Topic: About Physiological Darwinism:From Fitness to Optimality
Replies: 8
Views: 141

Re:

... these modifications are not permanent. Phenotypic plasticity is nothing new, but this response to the environment is itself determined by the genome. The fact remains that changes that are not inherited do not constitute evolution. 2． The earthworm aestivation, obviously is a physiological ...

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by robsabba
Wed Nov 18, 2009 4:39 pm
 
Forum: Evolution
Topic: About Physiological Darwinism:From Fitness to Optimality
Replies: 8
Views: 141

Re:

... humans with enhanced capabilities, especially enhanced sensory perception. Well, if you had people enough clever to be able to modify human genome (and get viable people;), than this should not be a problem ;)

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by JackBean
Tue Nov 17, 2009 7:30 am
 
Forum: General Discussion
Topic: Possibilities for Alien Life
Replies: 7
Views: 54

Re: Passing on mutations?

There are probably different estimates and ways of calculating this, but here is one figure..... Average mammalian genome mutation rate is 2.2 × 10−9 per base pair per year ("Mutation rates in mammalian genomes", Kumar, Subramanian, PNAS January 22, 2002 vol. 99 no. 2 ...

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by Dougalbod
Mon Nov 16, 2009 11:55 am
 
Forum: Evolution
Topic: Passing on mutations?
Replies: 8
Views: 74
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