Electrons

... the third step the high energy electron carriers (10 NAD and 4 FAD) are oxidized in the ETS. Both of these high energy reducing agents dump their electrons into the ETS and the two protons (carried by each of them) are transferred into the inter membrane space (space between the inner and outer ...

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... means that it is not defined. If you think about it every single piece of existence that we know of is characteristic of its actions. We know that electrons like to move towards positive charges, but why they do it is unanswerable other than they just do. Even if everything came down to energy ...

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... which makes use of the reduced state of these molecules to fuel the production of a proton gradient. During this process NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to ETC Complex 1 and 2. Complex 1 uses the electrons to pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the cristae membrane creating a proton gradient. ...

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... Oxygen and sulfur can each bond to two other atoms, nitrogen to three, and carbon to four. These numbers all have to do with the number of valence electrons each atom has, and they put an absolute limit on the number of different ways a molecule can be arranged.

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... that with a lot sciences. Chemists used to say that an atom is indivisible by definition. Then they said it's made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Now they're like "well, actually they're made of quarks". And they call chemistry science...

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