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An injection of a liquid into the rectum or colon with the purpose of stimulating a bowel movement.

Large volume enemas usually consist of 500cc to 1500cc of water, sometimes mixed with other ingredients such as a mild soap or salt. These work by expanding the colon, which stimulates peristalsis (invonluntary contractions of the colon) and the added ingredients amplify this effect. Small volume enemas typically contain a stimulant agent such as bisacodyl, saline, glycerin, or docusate sodium. A waiting period is usually necessary for the enema to be effective. This varies according to the type of enema and the solution used, but typically is from five to fifteen minutes.