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Definition

noun

A cyclical series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. It includes the light-independent reactions such as carbon fixation, reduction reactions and ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) whereby sugars and starch are ultimately produced.

Supplement

At this stage of photosynthesis, the energy released from ATP produced during light reactions is used to drive the conversion of carbon dioxide and other compounds into an organic molecule (e.g. glucose).

In C3 plants, the Calvin-Benson cycle is used directly to fix carbon dioxide. In C4 plants and CAM plants, a different carbon fixation precedes Calvin-Benson cycle.

Word origin: named after its discoverers, Melvin Calvin, James Bassham (and Andrew Benson) at the University of California, Berkeley.

Variants: Calvin cycle or Calvin- Benson-Bassham cycle

See also: Photosynthesis on Tutorials for further information.