some bio multiple choice questions

[jjkwest1]

1. Winter wheat can be planted in the spring for fall harvest if it is
a. sprayed with gibberellins.
b. soaked in water.
d. planted under a full moon.
d. stored in the dark for 50 days.
e. vernalized.

Answer said it was E. but can't A also be right?

2. For plants that flower in response to photoperiodic stimuli, the most critical determinant in the light–dark cycle is the
a. temperature.
b. length of the dark period for short-day plants and length of the light period for long-day plants.
c. length of the light period for short-day plants and length of the dark period for long-day plants.
d. length of the uninterrupted dark cycle.
e. length of the uninterrupted light cycle.

I read in my book that the period of darkness is what matters. So shouldn't the answer be D?

3. The three nuclei in a mature pollen grain are formed by
a. one meiotic division and one mitotic division.
b. two meiotic divisions and one mitotic division.
c. one meiotic division and two mitotic divisions.
d. two meiotic divisions and two mitotic divisions.
e. one meiotic division in which one of the four cells degenerates.

I'm not sure if this question is right......doesn't a mature pollen grain only have 2 nuclei? The generative and tube cell?

4. As a pollen tube grows into the female organ, the nucleus that enters the synergid first is called the
a. sperm nucleus.
b. generative nucleus.
c. tube nucleus.
d. pollen nucleus.
e. microspore.

Answer says C. but I'm pretty sure it's A. Can anyone confirm?

5. Vernalization
a. is of little importance to agriculture.
b. refers to the requirement of the seeds of some plants for exposure to winter temperatures before they germinate.
c. refers to the requirement of some biennial plants to be exposed to winter’s cold temperatures before they flower the next spring.
d. refers to the induction of cold hardiness of buds.
e. Both b and c

Answers key says E. but doesn't vernalization only have to do with flowering? If so shouldn't it then just be C?

Thanks

[JackBean]

1. not really, the plant needs to be at cold temperature, so only GA signal is not sufficient

2. seems OK to me

3.

Each pollen grain contains vegetative (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell containing two nuclei: a tube nucleus (that produces the pollen tube) and a generative nucleus (that divides to form the two sperm cells).

Do not confuse cell and nucleus!

4. there's nothing like sperm nucleus

5. Obviously not

Vernalization (from Latin: vernus, of the spring) is the acquisition of a plant's ability to flower or germinate in the spring by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter.

You didn't really try hard, did you?

[jjkwest1]

1. not really, the plant needs to be at cold temperature, so only GA signal is not sufficient

2. seems OK to me

3.

Each pollen grain contains vegetative (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell containing two nuclei: a tube nucleus (that produces the pollen tube) and a generative nucleus (that divides to form the two sperm cells).

Do not confuse cell and nucleus!

4. there's nothing like sperm nucleus

5. Obviously not

Vernalization (from Latin: vernus, of the spring) is the acquisition of a plant's ability to flower or germinate in the spring by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter.

You didn't really try hard, did you?

1. But doesn't GA promote seed germination and flowering?
2. can you elaborate? why would why the length of light be the critical factor for LDP when experiments have shown that having a critical dark period was what mattered.

3. ok but isn't the pollen tube derived from the mature pollen grain which has 2 cells hence 2 nuclues? (didn't get it confused btw)

4. HUH??? are you saying there's no sperm nucleus?

[JackBean]

2. I agreed with you, so why are you so asking?

3.

Each pollen grain contains vegetative (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell containing two nuclei: a tube nucleus (that produces the pollen tube) and a generative nucleus (that divides to form the two sperm cells).

4. in accordance to wiki not (see above)

[jjkwest1]

2. I agreed with you, so why are you so asking?

3.

Each pollen grain contains vegetative (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell containing two nuclei: a tube nucleus (that produces the pollen tube) and a generative nucleus (that divides to form the two sperm cells).

4. in accordance to wiki not (see above)

2. lol sorry bout that...half asleep when i read it

3. wiki isn't always reliable. I was looking through textbooks and only saw the generative and tube cells as the pollen grain. But maybe i'm missing something.