Pressure gradient and concentratioin gradient

[jacks]

what is the difference between the two??? What is bukl flow???????

[Dr.Stein]

Pressure gradient: from higher pressure to lower pressure
For example: air flows according to pressure gradient

Concentration gradient: from higher concentration to lower concentration
For example:
- passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion) flows according to concentration gradient
- active transport flows against concentration gradient

Do you mean "bulk flow"? I ever heard about that but unfortunately I forgot what it is. I should open my book

[iri_black]

Granular matter does not flow homogeneously like a fluid when submitted to external stress, but usually forms rigid regions separated by marrow shear bands where the material yealds and flows(like in avalanches).

[sdekivit]

important to know is that when you go with the gradient energy can be stored as ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) or an action potential in nevers can occur ( Na/K-gradients) for example. When you go against the gradient ATP is needed (for example the Na/K ATPase in cell membranes)

From thermodynamics, it follows that the processes with the gradient can occur spontaneous while the reverse are not spontaneous.

[jacks]

Thanks for all the help!!!! Jacks

[Dr.Stein]

No problem. We like to help each other