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Figure 1. A) Activator-inhibitor system. A + B react to form C + D, where the product C feeds back autocatalytically to speed its production. C also activates an inhibitor, X*, which inhibits the reaction. B) Examples of Turing patterns produced by the Brusselator activator-inhibitor system when diffusion is added. Modified with permission from Ball (7) .
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Figure 2. Models of biological pattern formation, based on coupling short-range activation to long-range inhibition in reaction-diffusion systems. A) Zebra stripes. B) Fish skin patterning. C) Phyllotaxis (leaf positioning). D) Developmental fields of leg segmentation in Drosophila. E) Cardiac arrhythmias (spiral/scroll waves). Reproduced with permission from Ball (7) (A, B), Meinhart (35) (C, D), and Garfinkel et al. (8) (E).
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Figure 3. Gene expression array study showing the sequence of gene activation during the yeast cell cycle. Reproduced with permission from Holter et al. (13) .
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Figure 4. Interactions between experimental and theoretical biology for the 21st century and their implications for medicine in the future.
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