We thank Alessandro Senes for helpful discussions and members of J.U.B.'s laboratory for discussions and comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM3919 and a National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship predoctoral award (to A.O.). J.U.B. is a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar.
Footnotes
Author contributions: S.K., T.-J.J., A.O., D.Y., J.J.S., and J.U.B. designed research; S.K., T.-J.J., A.O., and D.Y. performed research; T.-J.J., A.O., and D.Y. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.K., T.-J.J., A.O., D.Y., J.J.S., and J.U.B. analyzed data; and S.K., T.-J.J., J.J.S., and J.U.B. wrote the paper.
This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.
Abbreviations: TM, transmembrane; A
, amyloid-
; RCS, relative conservation score; PrP, prion protein; MscS, mechanosensitive channel of small conductance; VacA, vacuolating toxin A; TJ, tight junction.
Present address: Department of Life Science, POSTECH, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyung-Buk 790-784, Korea.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bowie@mbi.ucla.edu
.
© 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA