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Biology Articles » Agriculture » Plant Production » Tomato Crop Response to Short-Duration Legume Green Manures in Tropical Vegetable Systems » Tables

Tables

- Tomato Crop Response to Short-Duration Legume Green Manures in Tropical Vegetable Systems

Table 1 Treatments in field experiments at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) (Taiwan: 1993–1994) and at Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) and Bukidnon Resources Co., Inc. (BRCI) (Philippines: 1994–1995)

2nd Crop (vegetables) Treatment 1st Crop (legumes) Green manure management, fertilization Crop 3rd Crop 1 Soybean (Si) Incorporation Tomato Maize 2 Soybean (Sm) Mulch Tomato Maize 3 Indigofera (Ii) Incorporation Tomato Maize 4 Indigofera (Im) Mulch Tomato Maize 3 Mungbean (Mi) Incorporation Tomato Maize 4 Mungbean (Mm) Mulch Tomato Maize 5 Fallow (Ck 0) control 0 kg N ha-1 Tomato Maize 6 Fallow (Ck 30) 30 (38§) kg N ha-1 Tomato Maize 7 Fallow (Ck 60) 60 (75§) kg N ha-1 Tomato Maize 8 Fallow (Ck 120) 120 (150§) kg N ha-1 Tomato Maize

A third crop was planted only at AVRDC.

At BRCI mungbean was used instead of indigofera.

^§ At MMSU N fertilizer rates were adapted to local recommendations, with normal rates of 150 kg N ha^-1.

Table 2 Time schedule of field experiments at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan, in the wet (WS) and dry (DS) seasons and at Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) and Bukidnon Resources Co., Inc. (BRCI), Philippines (1993–1995)

Crop Fertilizer applications to tomato Legumes Tomato Location Season Year Sown Harvested d Transplanted Harvested N P K AVRDC WS 1993 12 Apr. 15 June 68 18 June 17 Aug.–1 Sept. 0/0/0§ 35/0/0 50/50/50 DS 1993–1994 8 Oct. 6 Dec. 60 8 Dec. 1–16 Mar. 0/0/0 35/0/0 50/50/50 MMSU DS 1994–1995 6 Oct. 13 Dec. 74 15 Dec. 7 Mar.–4 Apr. 0/0/0 30/0/0 14/18/14 BRCI¶ WS 1995 17 Apr. 21 June 66 28 June 9 Sept.–18 Oct. 40/0/0# 40+26/0/0 42/160/160¶

N fertilizer applications as required for treatments Ck30, Ck60, and Ck120 treatments (Table 1) are not listed.

Days after sowing.

^§ Values indicate basal/1st/2nd side dressing.

^¶ 11.5 kg Mg ha^-1 as Kieserit, 1.5 kg Zn ha^-1 as zinc sulfate, and 1.5 kg B ha^-1 as borax were applied in the 1st and 2nd side dressing to BRCI tomato crops.

^# Applied as poultry manure at a rate of 2000 kg ha^-1.

Table 3 Dry matter yield and N accumulation of soybean, indigofera, and mungbean grown for 60 to 74 d. Values within parentheses indicate standard deviation (n = 4) in Taiwan (AVRDC) and the Philippines (MMSU, BRCI)

Dry matter yield N accumulation Crop Location Bed system Season§ Shoot Root Total Shoot Root Total _ Mg ha-1 _ _ kg ha-1 _ Soybean AVRDC R DS 2.9 (0.3) 0.4 (0.07) 3.3 (0.3) 116.4 (15) 8.5 (2) 124.8 (15) AVRDC R WS 5.2 (0.3) 0.8 (0.16) 5.9 (0.4) 127.1 (8) 11.0 (2) 138.1 (8) AVRDC L DS 2.5 (0.2) 0.3 (0.3) 2.8 (0.2) 107.0 (9) 5.4 (0.8) 112.3 (10) AVRDC L WS 5.5 (0.3) 0.3 (0.1) 5.8 (0.4) 134.7 (16) 6.0 (2) 140.7 (16) MMSU – DS 4.1 (1.01) 0.1 (0.01) 4.2 (1.1) 139.4 (47) 1.6 (0.3) 140.1 (47) BRCI – WS 3.4 (0.7) 106.0 (20) Indigofera AVRDC R DS 0.9 (0.2) 0.1 (0.03) 1.0 (0.2) 38.3 (8) 1.7 (0.5) 40.0 (8) AVRDC R WS 1.7 (0.2) 0.3 (0.07) 2.0 (0.3) 40.1 (4) 3.4 (0.8) 43.5 (5) AVRDC L DS 0.6 (0.09) 0.07 (0.02) 0.7 (0.1) 24.8 (5) 1.3 (0.3) 26.1 (6) AVRDC L WS 0.4 (0.17) 0.14 (0.05) 0.5 (0.2) 9.3 (4) 1.7 (0.6) 11.1 (4) MMSU – DS 0.2 (0.03) 0.02 (0.02) 0.22 (0.05) 4.8 (1) 0.3 (0.3) 5.0 (1) Mungbean BRCI – WS 1.1 (0.4) 26.0 (8)

AVRDC, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center; MMSU, Mariano Marcos State University; BRCI, Bukidnon Resources Corporation, Inc.

1ixR, raised beds; L, low beds.

^§ DS, dry season; WS, wet season.

Table 4 Tomato fruit yields at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan, in the wet (WS) and dry (DS) seasons and at Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) and Bukidnon Resources Co., Inc. (BRCI), Philippines (1993–1995)

Fruit yield AVRDC (WS) AVRDC (DS) Treatment Raised beds Low beds Raised beds Low beds MMSU (DS) BRCI (WS) _ Mg ha-1 _ Soybean incorporated 4.7 2.4 42.6 39.8 25.2 46.5 Soybean mulch 6.3 4.3 33.4 29.0 24.4 46.5 Indigofera incorporated 5.1 2.6 37.4 37.8 12.3 Indigofera mulch 4.7 1.2 31.5 28.8 10.5 Mungbean incorporated 44.2 Mungbean mulch 49.2 Ck 0 2.5 2.9 40.7 46.0 12.6 47.5 Ck 30/38 5.8 3.7 46.2 47.0 39.7 43.0 Ck 60/75 5.9 3.7 56.2 59.0 47.6 47.7 Ck 120/150 4.5 4.5 67.3 73.3 70.6 50.1 LSD (0.05) 2.4 1.7 12.7 10.7 10.9 NS

N fertilizer application adapted to local practice at MMSU.

Table 5 Nitrogen accumulation (kg ha^-1) by tomato (plant and fruit) at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan, in the wet (WS) and dry (DS) seasons and at Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) and Bukidnon Resources Co., Inc. (BRCI), Philippines (1993–1995)

N accumulation AVRDC (WS) AVRDC (DS) Treatment Raised beds Low beds Raised beds Low beds MMSU (DS) BRCI (WS) _ kg ha-1 _ Soybean incorporated 43 17 99 78 41 62 Soybean mulch 56 25 74 59 34 65 Indigofera incorporated 48 20 86 80 20 Indigofera mulch 33 9 74 57 18 Mungbean incorporated 55 Mungbean mulch 67 Ck 0 24 20 91 88 22 67 Ck 30/38 35 21 101 91 53 77 Ck 60/75 49 21 129 113 75 74 Ck 120/150 51 27 160 164 124 71 LSC (0.05) n.d. n.d. 33.3 22.6 16.1 NS

N fertilizer application adapted to local practice at MMSU.

Table 6 Residual effect of tomato N fertilization and green manuring on dry matter yield and N content of maize at 33 d after sowing in raised (R) and low (L) beds at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (1993–1994). Values are means of four replicates

Dry matter yield N WS DS WS DS Treatment R L R L R L R L _ Mg ha-1 _ _ kg ha-1 _ Green manure Soybean incorporation 2.46 1.73 1.8 1.1 58.6 42.2 32.4 22.4 Soybean mulch 2.43 1.73 1.3 1.3 56.6 36.9 24.9 22.9 Indigofera incorporation 2.03 1.20 1.6 0.9 40.6 23.1 29.6 14.6 Indigofera mulch 2.13 1.31 1.1 0.9 47.5 26.7 19.8 15.6 (NH4)2SO4, kg ha-1 0 1.24 1.05 1.3 0.9 26.1 19.5 23.3 18.3 30 1.35 1.04 1.2 1.0 28.4 20.3 19.9 15.8 60 1.59 1.00 1.6 1.0 40.0 19.5 26.8 17.7 120 1.86 1.20 2.5 1.4 49.1 25.7 50.8 23.9 LSD (0.05) 0.35 0.39 0.4 0.3 12.7 5.6 7.7 3.4

WS, wet seasons; DS, dry season.

Table 6 Residual effect of tomato N fertilization and green manuring on dry matter yield and N content of maize at 33 d after sowing in raised (R) and low (L) beds at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (1993–1994). Values are means of four replicates

Dry matter yield N WS DS WS DS Treatment R L R L R L R L _ Mg ha-1 _ _ kg ha-1 _ Green manure Soybean incorporation 2.46 1.73 1.8 1.1 58.6 42.2 32.4 22.4 Soybean mulch 2.43 1.73 1.3 1.3 56.6 36.9 24.9 22.9 Indigofera incorporation 2.03 1.20 1.6 0.9 40.6 23.1 29.6 14.6 Indigofera mulch 2.13 1.31 1.1 0.9 47.5 26.7 19.8 15.6 (NH4)2SO4, kg ha-1 0 1.24 1.05 1.3 0.9 26.1 19.5 23.3 18.3 30 1.35 1.04 1.2 1.0 28.4 20.3 19.9 15.8 60 1.59 1.00 1.6 1.0 40.0 19.5 26.8 17.7 120 1.86 1.20 2.5 1.4 49.1 25.7 50.8 23.9 LSD (0.05) 0.35 0.39 0.4 0.3 12.7 5.6 7.7 3.4

WS, wet seasons; DS, dry season.

Table 7 ¹⁵N recovery in tomato fruit and biomass at Mariano Marcos State University, Philippines (1994–1995)