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A study demonstrating the suitability of the two housekeeping genes PPIA and …


Biology Articles » Molecular Biology » In search of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of human renal cell carcinoma by real-time PCR » Tables

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- In search of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of human renal cell carcinoma by real-time PCR

Table 1
Reference genes used for gene expression studies in renal cell carcinoma
Gene name
Publications using that gene as reference gene


Number
%
GAPDH
63
36.4
ACTB
64
37.0
18S ribosomal RNA
10
5.8
Beta-2-microglobulin
7
4.0
RPLPO
5
2.9
HMBS
3
1.7
HPRT1
3
1.7
PPIA
3
1.7
TBP
3
1.7
Alpha tubulin
3
1.7
ALAS1
1
0.6
Enolase 1, (alpha)
1
0.6
Beta globin
1
0.6
Karyopherin alpha 6
1
0.6
Membrane cofactor protein
1
0.6
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
1
0.6
Ribosomal protein L7
1
0.6
Ribosomal protein S9
1
0.6
Ribosomal protein S14
1
0.6
Results of a PubMed search from October 1993 to August 2006 with 156 articles and 173 descriptions of different reference genes. Candidate reference genes tested in the present study are given as gene symbols in bold letters and their corresponding full names and accession numbers are indicated in Table 2. Further comments concerning the search results see the section "Limitations of this study".
Table 3
Candidate reference genes for normalization and their expression stability values calculated by NormFinder
Ranking order
Gene
Stability value
1
PPIA
0.074
2
TBP
0.123
3
ACTB
0.199
4
HMBS
0.301
5
SDHA
0.308
6
HPRT1
0.402
7
GAPDH
0.436
8
RPLPO
0.453
9
ALAS1
0.481
10
TUBB
0.514
A low stability value as an estimate of the combined intra- and intergroup variation of the respective gene corresponds to a high expression stability of the respective gene between the matched malignant and non-malignant samples.

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