Figures
- In search of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of human renal cell carcinoma by real-time PCR

..................................................

Figure 1 Expression levels of candidate reference genes in non-malignant and malignant renal cell carcinoma samples. Values are given as real-time PCR crossing points (Cp) cycle numbers. Boxes (blank: non-malignant; cross striated: malignant) represent the lower and upper quartiles with medians; whiskers illustrate the 10 to 90 percentiles of the samples. All Cp values except PPIA (P = 0.339) and TBP (P = 0.257) significantly differed between non-malignant and malignant samples (P of 0.0089 to

..................................................

Figure 2 Differential mRNA expression of candidate reference genes in matched non-malignant (N; blank circles) and malignant renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC; black circles) tissue samples shown as connected lines. (a-c). Gene expression of non-regulated reference genes PPIA and TBP. The Normalization Factor was calculated from both non-regulated genes with the program geNorm (see text). (d-g). Gene expression of up-regulated candidate reference genes GAPDH, ACTB, TUBB, and RPLPO. (h-k). Gene expression of down-regulated candidate reference genes HPRT1, ALAS1, HMBS, and SDHA. Significances were calculated with the Wilcoxon test of paired samples.

..................................................

Figure 3 ADAM9 mRNA expression in malignant tissue samples compared to non-malignant paired samples in depending on different normalization approaches. Gene expression in the matched malignant tissue samples was calculated as multiple of the expression in the non-malignant sample that was set 1.0. The columns represent the median and interquartile ranges of the multiple gene expression. The four blank columns result from ADAM9 mRNA expression related to the two non-regulated reference genes (PPIA, TBP) and to the normalization factors (mr, of the two genes; NF, calculated using geNorm; see text). The three striped and two black columns illustrate the normalization of ADAM9 expression using either up-regulated (GAPDH, ACTB, and TUBB) or down-regulated (ALAS1 and HPRT1) genes.