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The present study aims to raise new data about collection of resin …

Biology Articles » Anatomy & Physiology » Anatomy, Plant » Plant Origin of Green Propolis: Bee Behavior, Plant Anatomy and Chemistry » Tables

Tables
- Plant Origin of Green Propolis: Bee Behavior, Plant Anatomy and Chemistry


Table 1 Phenolic compounds detected in shoot apices of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae), resin masses from bee corbiculae and a sample of green propolis

Compounds Apices
 Propolis Pharmacological activities Ref.






Female Male



Cinnamic acid derivatives
    1. Hydrocinnamic acid + + + +

    2. p-Hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid – – – +

    3. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid + + + + Anti-inflammatory 22
    4. p-Methoxycinnamic acid + + + +

    5. cis-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid – + – +

    6. cis-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid + + – –

    7. trans-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid + + + + Antimicrobial 1





Anti-inflammatory 22
    8. trans-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid + + + + Anti-inflammatory 22
    9. p-Coumaric acid – – + +

Prenylated cinnamic acid derivatives
    10. Allyl-3-prenylcinnamate + + + +

    11. 4-Hydroxy-3-prenylcinnamic acid – – + + Hepatoprotection 14
    12. 4-Hydroxy-3,5-diprenylcinnamic acid (artepillin C) – – + + Antitrypanocidal 23





Cytotoxicity 16
Chromane derivatives
    13. 2,2-Dimethylchromene-6-propenoic acid + + + + Antioxidant 24
    14. 2,2-Dimethyl-8-prenylchromene-6-propenoic acid + + + + Hepatoprotection 23





Cytotoxicity 25
    15. 8-(methyl-butanechromane)-6-propenoic acid – – – +

    16. 3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-prenylchromane-6-propenoic acid – – + +

Naphtalene and anthracene derivatives
    17. 2-t-Butylnaphto-[2,3-b]-furan-4,9-dione – – + +

    18. 2-Hydroxy-7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene (A) + + + +

    19. 1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methoxyethyl)-3-methoxyanthraquinone (B) – – + +

Simple benzene and phenol derivatives
    20. Benzene-3,3-dimethyl-4-pentenyl + + – –

    21. p-Vinylphenol – – – +

    22. p-Vinyl-o-prenylphenol + + + +

Compound names in bold refer to occurrences so far unreported in propolis; letters in parenthesis correspond to structures in Fig. 7.

–, Not detected.

 

 

 


Table 2 Terpenoids detected in shoot apices of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae), resin masses from bee corbiculae and a sample of green propolis

Compound Apices
 Propolis Pharmacological activity Ref.






Female Male



Sesquiterpenes
    23. Farnesol – – – + Antimicrobial 26
    24. Dehydrocostus lactone (C) – – + + Trypanocidal 15





Antimycobacterial 27
    25. Viridiflorol – – + –

    26. Isomaturnin (D) – – + +

    27. 1H-Cyclopropazulene-1a,2,3,4,4a,5,-6,7b-octahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl + + – –

Diterpenes
    28. Isocupressic acid derivative – – + + Antibacterial 17





Cytotoxicity 28
    29. 1,4aß-Dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2,3,4,-4a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthrene (E) – – + +

    30. T{alpha}-Hydroxysandaracopimar-8(14)-15-diene – – + –

Triterpenes and steroids
    31. Squalene + + – –

    32. Bauer-7-en-3ß-yl acetate – – – +

    33. Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one + + – –

    34. Cholest-5-en-3ß-ol + + + –

    35. Clionasterol + + + –

Compound names in bold refer to occurrences so far unreported in propolis; letters in parenthesis correspond to structures in Fig. 7.

–, Not detected.

 

 

 


Table 3 Wax constituents detected in shoot apices of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae), resin masses from bee corbiculae and a sample of green propolis

Compound Apices
 Propolis




Female Male

Wax constituents
    36. Methyl-dodecanoate + + – –
    37. Methyl-tetradecanoate – + – –
    38. Hexadecanoic acid + + – –
    39. Octadecanoic acid – + + –
    40. Hexacosanoic acid – + – –
    41. Docosanoic acid + + – –
    42. Tetracosanoic acid – + – –
    43. Octacosanoic acid – + – –
    44. Hexacosanoic acid – + – –
    45. Methyl-4-methoxyoctadecanoic acid + + – –
    46. Hexanedioic acid dioctyl ester + + + +
    47. n-Dodecanal + + – –
    48. n-Hexadecanal + + – –
    49. 9,12-Octadecadienal + + – –
    50. (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid – – – +
    51. Methyl-(Z)-9-Octadecenoate – – – +
    52. n-Docosanol + + – –
    53. n-Tetracosanol + + – –
    54. n-Hexacosanol + + – –
    55. 4-Ethyloctane – – – +
    56. 7-n-Hexyleicosane + + – –
    57. n-Hentriacontane + + – –
    58. 17-Tritriacontene + + – –
    59. 17-Pentatriacontene – – – +

No pharmacological properties have as yet been assigned to these compounds Compound names in bold refer to occurrences so far unreported in propolis.

–, Not detected.

 

 

 


Table 4 Compounds representative of classes other than phenolics, terpenoids and waxes, detected in shoot apices of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae), resin masses from bee corbiculae and a sample of green propolis

Compound Apices
 Propolis




Female Male

60. Quinic acid + + – –
61. 1,7,7-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo-(4.4.0)-deca-3,5-diene (F) – – – +
62. Allyl-n-butanoate – + + –
63. Vinyl-butyrate – + + –
64. 4,8-Dimethyl-5-hydrindacene (G) + + + +

No pharmacological properties have as yet been assigned to these compounds Compound names in bold refer to occurrences so far unreported in propolis; letters in parenthesis correspond to structures in Fig. 7.

–, Not detected.



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