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This study aimed to determine expectations of 3 treatments (HVLA, placebo light touch, …

Biology Articles » Medicine » Patient expectations for placebo treatments commonly used in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) clinical trials: a pilot study » Tables

Tables
- Patient expectations for placebo treatments commonly used in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) clinical trials: a pilot study

Table 1
Survey Statements*
S1
 I believe this treatment would allow me to get better quicker.
S2
 I believe this treatment would decrease my low back pain.
S3
 I believe this treatment would make me more able to do the things I want to do.
S4
 This seems like a logical way to treat low back pain.
* Responses were 1 = Strongly Agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Disagree, 4 = Strongly Disagree
Table 2
Demographic characteristics of sample

n
 %
Gender

      Male
8
 26.7
      Female
22
 73.3
Race/Ethnicity

      Caucasian
16
 53.3
      Hispanic
7
 23.3
      Other
7
 23.3
Education

      Some High School
5
 16.7
      High School
4
 13.3
      Some College
10
 33.3
      College
11
 36.6
Ever Had Massage Therapy

      Yes
11
 36.7
      No
19
 63.3
Ever Had Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment

      Yes
10
 33.3
      No
20
 66.7
Ever Had Chiropractic Treatment

      Yes
14
 46.7
      No
16
 53.3
Ever Had Ultrasound

      Yes
20
 66.7
      No
10
 33.3
Table 3
Mean responses to questions*

HVLA
 ULTRA
 LT

mean (SD)
 95% CI
 mean (SD)
 95% CI
 mean (SD)
 95% CI
S1
 1.97 (0.67)
 (1.72, 2.22)
 2.17 (0.70)
 (1.91, 2.43)
 2.33 (0.80)
 (2.03, 2.63)
S2
 1.93 (0.69)
 (1.68, 2.19)
 2.00 (0.59)
 (1.78, 2.22)
 2.20 (0.71)
 (1.93, 2.47)
S3
 1.93 (0.79)
 (1.64, 2.23)
 2.23 (0.68)
 (1.98, 2.49)
 2.30 (0.79)
 (2.00, 2.60)
S4
 1.97 (0.81)
 (1.66, 2.27)
 2.13 (0.73)
 (1.86, 2.41)
 2.13 (0.86)
 (1.81, 2.45)
*SD = Standard Deviation; HVLA – High-Velocity Low-Amplitude; ULTRA = Sub-therapeutic Ultrasound; LT = Light Touch
Table 4
Repeated measures ANOVA and partial Eta squared*

F
 P
 η2p
S1
 3.388
 0.041
 0.105
S2
 2.257
 0.114
 0.072
S3
 3.485
 0.037
 0.107
S4
 0.707
 0.497
 0.024
*P = p value; degrees of freedom = (2, 58); η2p = Partial Eta Squared
Table 5
Effect Sizes (Cohen's d) for Each Statement for Treatment Groupings*

HVLA & ULTRA
 ULTRA & LT
 HVLA & LT
S1
 -0.29
 -0.21
 -0.49
S2
 -0.11
 -0.31
 -0.38
S3
 -0.41
 -0.09
 -0.47
S4
 -0.21
 0
 -0.19
*HVLA – High-Velocity Low-Amplitude; ULTRA = Sub-therapeutic Ultrasound;
LT = Light Touch.
Cohen's d – 0.2 small effect; 0.5 moderate effect; 0.8 large effect [18].

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