The paper describes some interesting new findings that are likely to inform …

• (Abstract)
• The Dopaminergic Pathway
• Alcohol Withdrawal: the role of glutamate
• Opioid Dependence: what other neurotransmitter systems are involved?
• Ecstacy: the 5-HT system and neurotoxicity
• The Gabaergic System: target for sedatives
• Conclusion
• References

Biology Articles » Neurobiology » Neurobiology of Diseases & Aging » Neurobiology of addiction and implications for treatment » The Gabaergic System: target for sedatives

The Gabaergic System: target for sedatives

- Neurobiology of addiction and implications for treatment

The most widely misused group of drugs acting on this system are the benzodiazepines. These modulate the GABA—benzodiazepine receptor, increasing the action of GABA, and so result in greater inhibitory activity in the brain (Nutt & Malizia, 2001). In contrast to other drugs of misuse, benzodiazepines do not increase dopamine release in the mesolimbic system. Misuse of these drugs is probably driven by the development of tolerance leading to withdrawal if these drugs are not taken. Benzodiazepine dependence in the context of drug addiction, where large doses of benzodiazepines are taken, is distinct from dependence in the context of long-term use of a prescribed benzodiazepine for anxiety.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a short-chain fatty acid which, among other effects, enhances GABAergic function. GHB inhibits central nervous system activity and is a sedative but is also euphorigenic, presumably being linked to an increase in dopamine (Nicholson & Balster, 2001). It is increasingly used as a ‘recreational club drug’ and there is growing concern about its safety, particularly when combined with alcohol to render women vulnerable to sexual assault.