1. Takrouri M.S.M.: Surgical, medical and anesthesia in the Middle East: Notes on Ancient and medieval practice with reference to Islamic-Arabic medicine. The Internet Journal of Health. 2006. Vo 5 No 1.
2. Haddad F.S. Heritage of the cradle of civilization M.E.J. Anesth. 2000; 15 (4):351.
3. Thorwald J. Science and secrets of the early medicine, p107. Thames & Hudson, London-1962
4. Horne C.H. The Code of Hammurabi : Introduction The Avalon Project at Yale Law School [www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medie ... ] accessed 29.03.2007
5. Hammurabi's Code of Laws Translated by L. W. King World civilization [eawc.evansville.edu/anthology/ha ... ]
6. Hammurabi's Code of Laws Almansoura's University Egypt. [www.f-law.net/law/index.php ... ] . Accessed on 30. 03. 07
7. Hammurabi's Code of Laws Halsall P. Ed. (sources editor) Fordham University: Internet historical source book. [www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.ht ... ] . Accessed on 30. 03. 07
8. Hammurabi's Code of Laws Avalon project at Yale University in USA. [www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medie ... ] . Accessed on 30.03.07
9. Kent C. F.: The Recently Discovered Civil Code of Hammurabi The Biblical World 1903;21, 3: 175-190
10. Roux G.: Ancient Iraq. George Allen & Unwin Ltd 1964.
11. Al Badri A. Min' Al Tib Al Ashuri. Iraq Science Society Press 1979.
12. AL BinAli H. A. H. History of Medicine. Heart Views Vo 2 No 4. 2001 [www.hmc.org.qa/hmc/heartviews/H- ... ] accessed 29.03.2007
13. Walter Johns C.H.: Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. 1910-1911 The Avalon Project at Yale Law School [www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medie ... ] accessed 29.03.2007
14. Kazandjian V.A. Defining appropriateness: the challenge of knowing the difference. Qual. Health Care 1998;7:228-231
15. Mehta L. Ethical basis for charging medical fees. Issues Med Ethics. 2000;8(2):49-50.
16. Eknoyan G. Emergence of quantification in clinical investigation and the quest for certainty in therapeutics: the road from Hammurabi to Kefauver. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2005 Jan;12(1):88-95.
17. Hamarneh S. K. Practical ethics in the health professions. Part I -- the Hammurabi and Hippocratic codes. Hamdard Med. 1993;36(1):11-24.
18. Nix J. E. Middle East and medical ethics. J Miss State Med Assoc. 1991;32(2):60-2.
19. Kyle R. A., Shampo M. A. Hammurabi (c 2000 BC). JAMA. 1979;241(18):1952. 2.
20. Webel S. The world's earliest "journal of legal medicine.".J Leg Med (N Y). 1975;3(2):36-9.
21. AL-HAJJAJ MS: Medical practice in Saudi Arabia, the medico-legal aspect; Saud.M.J. 1996; Vol.17 (1): 1-4.
22. Samarkandi A. Status of medical liability claims in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2006;26(2):87-91.
23. Seraj M. A. Medical litigations in anesthetic practice in Saudi Arabia the whole picture and the dilemma of the specialty. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2006;18(4):707-16.
24. Samarkandi A. Medico-legal liabilities of anesthesia practice in Saudi Arabia. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2006;18(4):693-706.
25. Takrouri M.S.M. The Saudi patient's autonomy, decision sharing and litigation malpractice claims in anesthesia. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2006;18(4):673-7.
26. Alsaddique A. A. Medical liability. The dilemma of litigations. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(7):901-6.
27. Clinton H. R., Obama B. Making patient safety the centerpiece of medical liability reform. N Engl J Med. 2006 ;354(21):2205-8. Links
28. Sage WM. Medical liability and patient safety. Health Aff (Millwood) 2003;22:26-36.