table of contents 
The study was carried out to assess whether hot seasons affect the …
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Table 1. Ingredients and nutrients compositions of diets fed during spring and summer experimental periods (DM basis).
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Far-off dry cows |
Close-up dry cows |
Lactation cows |
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| Ingredients |
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| Corn silage, % |
14.4 |
20.0 |
28.0 |
| Triticale-grass silage, % |
2.9 |
4.0 |
5.6 |
| Alfalfa hay, % |
5.2 |
7.3 |
10.2 |
| Rye-grass hay, % |
51.8 |
33.0 |
6.1 |
| Corn ground, % |
6.2 |
8.6 |
12.2 |
| Oat ground, % |
7.2 |
10.0 |
14.1 |
| Soybean meal, % |
5.5 |
7.5 |
10.7 |
| Cotton seed, % |
3.4 |
4.8 |
6.5 |
| Dry beet pulp, % |
2.6 |
3.6 |
5.1 |
| Buffer1, % |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
| Vitamin-mineral premix2, % |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
| Nutrient composition |
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| NEL, Mcal/kg |
1.29 |
1.41 |
1.62 |
| Crude proteins, % |
12.70 |
13.70 |
15.60 |
| NDF, % |
43.10 |
40.00 |
36.40 |
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| 1A mixture of 33.3% CaCO3, 31.7 Ca3(PO4)2, 16.7% MgO, 16.6% NaHCO3, and 1.7% ZnSO4. |
| 2Contained: 6,000,000 IU of vitamin A, 600,000 IU of vitamin D3, 7,000 mg of vitamin E, 5,000 mg of vitamin PP, 300 mg of vitamin B1, 100 mg of vitamin B2, 10,000 mg of choline chloride, 2 mg of vitamin B12, 10,000 mg of Fe, 2,500 mg of Cu, 20,000 mg of Mn, 100 mg of Mo, 100 mg of Co, 800 mg of I, 50,000 mg of Zn, and 100 mg of Se per kilogram. |
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Table 2. Least square means ± SE of plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and plasma lipid peroxidation-end products (TBARS) in summer (SU) and spring (SP) cows during the transition period.
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Days from calving |
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-21 |
-3 |
1 |
15 |
35 |
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| ROM, mg H2O2/dl |
SU |
10.3 ± 1.1 |
10.2 ± 1.2 |
10.5 ± 1.2 |
11.7 ± 1.2 |
11.5 ± 1.1a |
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SP |
9.4 ± 0.9 |
9.1 ± 1.0 |
9.8 ± 0.9 |
11.7 ± 0.9 |
15.7 ± 1.0b |
| TBARS, nmol/ml |
SU |
1.5 ± 0.14 |
1.5 ± 0.14 |
1.7 ± 0.14 |
2.0 ± 0.14 |
1.9 ± 0.15 |
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SP |
1.9 ± 0.15 |
1.6 ± 0.14 |
1.8 ± 0.14 |
1.9 ± 0.15 |
2.0 ± 0.15 |
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| a,bMean within column with different superscript within parameter differ (P |
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Table 3. Least square means ± SE of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation-end products (TBARS) concentration, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px-E) activity, and intracellular thiols (SH) concentration of summer (SU) and spring (SP) cows during the transition period.
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Days from calving |
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-21 |
-3 |
1 |
15 |
35 |
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| TBARS, nmol/ml |
SU |
8.3 ± 0.4B |
9.1 ± 0.4b |
10.2 ± 0.4B |
8.6 ± 0.4 |
8.8 ± 0.4b |
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SP |
7.5 ± 0.4A |
7.5 ± 0.4a |
7.0 ± 0.4A |
8.1 ± 0.4 |
7.6 ± 0.4a |
| SOD, U/ml |
SU |
176.4 ± 19.8 |
194.3 ± 20.3b |
215.3 ± 21.3b |
192.8 ± 21.3b |
153.0 ± 19.8b |
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SP |
141.4 ± 18.8 |
140.5 ± 20.0a |
179.0 ± 18.8a |
143.0 ± 18.8a |
172.8 ± 20.0a |
| GSH-Px-E, U/ml PCV1 |
SU |
65.7 ± 3.9b |
69.6 ± 4.0 |
59.4 ± 4.2 |
62.9 ± 3.9 |
56.6 ± 3.9 |
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SP |
46.4 ± 3.7a |
62.3 ± 4.0 |
56.0 ± 3.7 |
56.9 ± 3.7 |
52.2 ± 4.0 |
| SH, µmol/ml PCV |
SU |
210.3 ± 56.3b |
307.9 ± 57.7B |
282.8 ± 60.6B |
295.1 ± 60.6B |
289.3 ± 56.3b |
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SP |
119.0 ± 53.4a |
161.5 ± 57.0A |
153.8 ± 53.4A |
116.2 ± 53.4A |
139.5 ± 57.0a |
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| 1PCV = Packed cells volume. |
| a,bMean within column with different superscript within parameter differ (P |
| A,BMean within column with different superscript within parameter differ (P |
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