FIG. 1. A. The circum-Atlantic migration of young loggerhead turtles. Dark arrows on the map represent generalized currents of the North Atlantic Gyre. B–D. The orientation of hatchling turtles tested in magnetic fields from the three locations marked by letters on the map. Each dot within the orientation circles represents the average swimming direction of an individual hatchling. The arrow within each circle represents the mean heading of the group and the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval for the mean. Adapted from Lohmann et al. (2001)
FIG. 2. A. The orientation of displaced spiny lobsters. Lobsters were captured from one of two sites (capture sites 1 and 2, indicated by CS1 and CS2) and their orientation behavior tested at one of two test sites (TS1 and TS2). Lobsters captured at CS1 were tested at TS1 only. Animals from CS1 were tested at TS1 and TS2. In each orientation diagram, each dot represents the mean heading of one lobster, the arrow represents the mean heading of the group and the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval for the mean angle. Dark arrows outside each circle indicate the heading from the test site to the capture site. In all cases, the lobsters oriented in a direction that coincided approximately with the bearing to the capture site. B. The orientation of lobsters tested in magnetic fields replicating the fields that exist at two distant locations (marked by stars on the map). Lobsters were captured at CS2 on Figure 2A, a location indicated by the tip of the arrow in Figure 2B, and then transported to TS 1 on Figure 2A (the small open circle on Fig. 2B). Lobsters tested in a field characteristic of a location north of the test site oriented approximately southward, whereas those exposed to a field that exists south of the test site oriented northward. The dark arrows on the outside of each orientation diagram indicate the direction in which lobsters would be expected to orient if homing from each fictive location. The open triangle outside each orientation diagram indicates the actual direction to the capture site from the test site. In each case, lobsters responded as if they had been displaced to the locations marked by the stars rather than by orienting in the direction that was actually towards the capture site. From Boles and Lohmann (2003)
FIG. 3. A. The dorsal surface of the fused central ganglia of T. diomedea. Many large, individually identifiable neurons are visible on the surface of the brain. Three of these cells, LPd5, LPd6, and LPd7, are labeled. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Schematic representation of the innervation patterns of the left pedal nerves 1, 2, and 3. LPdN1 and LPdN2 contain axons from LPd6. LPdN2 and LPdN3 contain axons from LPd5. All three nerves innervate the lateral body wall (BW) and the ciliated pedal epithelium. OV = oral veil, Rh = rhinophore
FIG. 4. A. TPep labeling of the CNS. The left pedal ganglion contains TPep-immunoreactive cell bodies and neurites. Immunoreactive axons are visible in the pedal nerves (*). Scale bar = 500 µm. B. TPep labeling of the foot. The ciliated foot epithelium (the tissue was sectioned transverse to the ciliated surface) contains TPep-immunoreactive processes throughout the connective tissue (CT) with dense labeling near the proximal surface of the ciliated cells (CC). Scale bar = 60 µm. C. Simultaneous recordings of the LPd5, LPd6, and LPd7 before, during, and after a swim bout. The black arrow indicates when the swim stimulus was applied to the animal
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