table of contents 
The present study tested whether the spatio-temporal structure of activity was also …
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Table 1
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Parameters of locomotion in an illuminated small arena (1 × 1 m) and large arena (2 × 2 m). For most variables, values increased when stones were added or when arena size was increased. Bonferroni adjustment of p-value was calculated by P = 0.05/10 = 0.005. Mean (± SEM) are followed by superscript numerals that indicate the significantely different test groups (as appeared in the top row) in Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test.
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Small arena
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Large arena
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Empty (1)
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4 Stones (2)
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Empty (3)
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4 Stones (4)
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16 Stones (5)
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F45;p
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Level of activity
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52.0 ± 9.7 2,4,5
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86.7 ± 8.81
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60.9 ± 9.55
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90.4 ± 9.71
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115.6 ± 7.31,3
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8.68;
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0.10 ± 0.022,3,5
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0.15 ± 0.041,5
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0.12 ± 0.024,5
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0.18 ± 0.021,3,5
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0.36 ± 0.121–4
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5.68; = 0.0012
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Temporal Structure
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87.0 ± 31.42,4,5
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228.6 ± 55.71,3,4
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51.2 ± 13.92,4,5
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146.9 ± 23.9 1–5
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235.8 ± 48.6 1,3,4
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7.15; = 0.0002
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18.5 ± 5.52,4,5
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41.4 ± 11.01,3
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12.2 ± 5.02,4,5
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38.5 ± 7.81,2,5
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74.7 ± 25.21,3,4
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5.81; = 0.001
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5.0 ± 0.6
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5.6 ± 0.4
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5.5 ± 1.2
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4.4 ± 0.6
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3.6 ± 0.3
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0.95; ns
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4.9 ± 1.43,5
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2.4 ± 0.43
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10.2 ± 2.31,2,4,5
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3.1 ± 0.63,5
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2.0 ± 0.31,3,4
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5.88; = 0.0009
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0.94 ± 0.22
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0.43 ± 0.06
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2.68 ± .1.14
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0.70 ± 0.09
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0.54 ± 0.06
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2.51;ns
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Spatial Distribution
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9.3 ± 1.52–5
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22.6 ± 4.91,5
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55.5 ± 30.81
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20.3 ± 1.91,5
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41.7 ± 2.81,2,4
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3.08; = 0.0277
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2.4 ± 1.12,4,5
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19.2 ± 6.11,3
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2.4 ± 1.12,4,5
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12.8 ± 3.91,3,5
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25.5 ± 7.11,3,4
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8.99;
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-1.87 ± 0.312
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-0.99 ± 0.362
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-1.52 ± 0.194,5
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-0.60 ± 0.163,5
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-0.46 ± 0.093,4
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7.68;
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Table 2
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Parameters of locomotion in a dark large arena (2 × 2 m). As shown, level of activity was not affected, whereas the spatiotemporal structure underwent significant changes. Bonferroni adjustment of p-value was calculated by P = 0.05/10 = 0.005. Mean (± SEM) are followed by the results of Tukey HSD test, indicating the numbers of the significantely different test groups (as appeared in the top row).
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Empty (1)
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4 Stones (2)
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16 Stones (3)
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F18;p
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Level of activity
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116.51 ± 7.52
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110.17 ± 11.58
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99.09 ± 10.38
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0.91; ns
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0.21 ± 0.02
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0.21 ± 0.02
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0.20 ± 0.01
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0.24; ns
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Temporal Structure
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159.1 ± 18.23
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185.6 ± 9.43
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322.7 ± 32.01,2
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18.67; .0004
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40.14 ± 5.532,3
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62.57 ± 3.261,3
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134.14 ± 13.971,2
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36.68; 0.000001
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4.04 ± 0.232,3
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3.01 ± 0.231,3
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2.41 ± 0.041,2
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21.20; 0.00019
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3.08 ± 0.262,3
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1.81 ± 0.251,3
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0.74 ± 0.041,2
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36.41;0.00000
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0.77 ± 0.072,3
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0.59 ± 0.051,3
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0.31 ± 0.011,2
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26.75;
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Spatial Distribution
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25.8 ± 1.32,3
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49.8 ± 4.81,2
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70.0 ± 1.01,2
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66.09; 0.00000
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29.3 ± 4.22,3
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53.4 ± 6.01
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57.7 ± 3.61
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11.58; 0.00058
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-0.44 ± 0.031,2
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-0.33 ± 0.021,3
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-0.29 ± 0.051,2
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7.10; 0.0053
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Table 3
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Formal summary of the results shown in Tables 1 and 2.
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Dark vs. light
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With lights on
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With lights off
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Level of activity
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Distance traveled and speed
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Longer distances
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Increase with stone density
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Remains high
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Temporal structure
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# of stops and trips
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More stops and trips
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More stones = more stops and trips
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Trip length
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Shorter trips
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More stones = sorter trips
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Stops/trip
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Fewer stops/trip
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Did not change
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Decreased
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Spatial distribution
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Path shape
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Winding (zigzag) paths
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More stones = straighter path
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Time and stops at the perimeter
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More time and stops in center
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More stones = more time and stops in center
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Table 4
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Parameters of locomotion that were measured for each spiny mouse.
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Behavior
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Description
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Level of activity
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Distance traveled
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Overall distance (m.) that a spiny mouse traveled during the 10-min observation.
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Traveling speed
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Overall traveled distance divided by the duration of locomoting periods (m/sec).
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Temporal organization
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Number of stops
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Incidence of "non-locomoting" intervals (stops), bounded by locomotion.
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Number of trips
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Trips are intervals between consecutive stops at the home base, which is the place with the highest rank among zones according to the accumulated "non-locomoting" intervals. Thus, a trip comprised progression out from home base through consecutive stops in the arena, until returning to the home base.
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Stops/trip
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Number of stops taken between two successive visits to the home base (= total number of stops divided by the total number of trips).
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Trip length
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Metric distance traveled in a round-trip to the home base (total distance divided by the total number of trips).
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Inter-stops distance
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The metric distance traveled between two consecutive stops (or, distance traveled in a "locomoting" interval = distance divided by number of stops).
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Spatial distribution
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Time spent along the perimeter (%)
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Calculated as percentage of the total time, in order to show how long spiny mice stayed at the vicinity of the walls of the arena, compared with the time spent in the center of the arena or near/on the stones.
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Stops along the perimeter (%)
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Calculated as percentage of the total stops, in order to show how many stops took place along the vicinity of the walls of the arena, compared with stopping in the center of the arena or at/on the stones.
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Meander
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The rate of change in direction of progression relative to the distance traveled, calculated automatically by Ethovision for each two successive time points by dividing the turn angle by the distance. Mean meander of each spiny mouse was used to calculate the mean of each group. + indicated a clockwise change in direction of progression, whereas - indicated a counterclockwise change. Thus, lower absolute (+ or -) meander values characterize locomotion along relatively straight trajectories, and higher meander absolute values describe circular or winding trajectories. It should be noted that meander is sensitive to tracking rate, animal size, and arena size. Therefore, meander may be compared only for the same animal size, same resolution, and same arena size.
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rating: 8.57 from 7 votes | updated on: 9 Jul 2007 | views: 694 |
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