1.
Barker DJP: Mothers, babies and health in later life. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 1994.
2.
Ozanne SE: Metabolic programming in animals.Br Med Bull 2001, 60:143-152.
3.
Seckl JR: Physiologic programming of the fetus.Clin Perinatol 1998, 25:939-962.
4.
Goy RW, McEwen BS: Sexual Differentiation Of The Brain. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press; 1980.
5.
Veurink M, Koster M, Berg LT: The History of DES, Lessons to be Learned.Pharm World Sci 2005, 27:139-143.
6.
Saunders FJ: Effects of sex steroids and related compounds on pregnancy and on development of the young.Physiol Rev 1968, 48:601-643.
7.
Shirkey HC: Human experiences related to adverse drug reactions to the fetus or neonate from some maternally administered drugs.Adv Exp Med Biol 1972, 27:17-30.
8.
Ratajczak T, Ward BK, Minchin RF: Immunophilin chaperones in steroid receptor signalling.Curr Top Med Chem 2003, 3:1348-1357.
9.
Filardo EJ, Thomas P: GPR30: a seven-transmembrane-spanning estrogen receptor that triggers EGF release.Trends Endocrinol Metab 2005, 16:362-367.
10.
Thomas P, Dressing G, Pang Y, Berg H, Tubbs C, Benninghoff A, Doughty K: Progestin, estrogen and androgen G-protein coupled receptors in fish gonads.Steroids, in press. 2005, Nov 11
11.
Schwarzenbach H, Manna PR, Stocco DM, Chakrabarti G, Mukhopadhyay AK: Stimulatory effect of progesterone on the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in MA-10 Leydig cells.Biol Reprod 2003, 68:1054-1063.
12.
Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Eisner JR, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW: Insights into the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from studies of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys.Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998, 9:62-67.
13.
West C, Foster DL, Evans NP, Robinson J, Padmanabhan V: Intra-follicular activin availability is altered in prenatally-androgenized lambs.Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001, 185:51-59.
14.
Newbold RR, Bullock BC, Mc Lachlan JA: Exposure to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy permanently alters the ovary and oviduct.Biol Reprod 1983, 28:735-744.
15.
Haney AF, Hammond CB, Soules MR, Creasman WT: Diethylstilbestrol-induced upper genital tract abnormalities.Fertil Steril 1979, 31:142.
16.
Herbst AL, Hubby MM, Azizi F, Makii MM: Reproductive and gynecologic surgical experience in diethylstilbestrol-exposed daughters.Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981, 141:1019-1028.
17.
Wilson CM, McPhaul MJ: A and B forms of the androgen receptor are expressed in a variety of human tissues.Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996, 120:51-57.
18.
Horie K, Takakura K, Imai K, Liao S, Mori T: Immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptor in the human endometrium, decidua, placenta and pathological conditions of the endometrium.Hum Reprod 1992, 7:1461-1466.
19.
Hillier SG, Tetsuka M, Fraser HM: Location and developmental regulation of androgen receptor in primate ovary.Hum Reprod 1997, 12:107-111.
20.
Weil SJ, Vendola K, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, Wang J, Okafor J, Bondy CA: Androgen receptor gene expression in the primate ovary: cellular localization, regulation, and functional correlations.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83:2479-2485.
21.
Hickey TE, Marrocco DL, Gilchrist RB, Norman RJ, Armstrong DT: Interactions between androgen and growth factors in granulosa cell subtypes of porcine antral follicles.Biol Reprod 2004, 71:45-52.
22.
Zehr JL, Van Meter PE, Wallen K: Factors regulating the timing of puberty onset in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): role of prenatal androgens, social rank, and adolescent body weight.Biol Reprod 2005, 72:1087-1094.
23.
Hasegawa T, Zhao L, Caron KM, Majdic G, Suzuki T, Shizawa S, Sasano H, Parker KL: Developmental roles of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) as revealed by StAR knockout mice.Mol Endocrinol 2000, 14:1462-1471.
24.
Palter SF, Tavares AB, Hourvitz A, Veldhuis JD, Adashi EY: Are estrogens of import to primate/human ovarian folliculogenesis?Endocr Rev 2001, 22:389-424.
25.
Miller WL: Disorders of androgen synthesis – from cholesterol to dehydroepiandrosterone.Med Princ Pract 2005, 14(Suppl 1):58-68.
26.
Yanase T, Simpson ER, Waterman MR: 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: from clinical investigation to molecular definition.Endocr Rev 1991, 12:91-108.
27.
Edwards RG: The preimplantation and implanting human embryo.In Embryonic medicine and therapy. Edited by: Jauniaux E, Barnea E, Edwards RG. Oxford, Oxford University Press; 1997:3-31.
28.
Dumesic DA, Schramm RD, Peterson E, Paprocki AM, Zhou R, Abbott DH: Impaired developmental competence of oocytes in adult prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys undergoing gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:1111-1119.
29.
Hu YC, Wang PH, Yeh S, Wang RS, Xie C, Xu Q, Zhou X, Chao HT, Tsai MY, Chang C: Subfertility and defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking androgen receptor.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:11209-11214.
30.
Vendola KA, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, Weil SJ, Bondy CA: Androgens stimulate early stages of follicular growth in the primate ovary.J Clin Invest 1998, 101:2622-2629.
31.
Vendola K, Zhou J, Wang J, Famuyiwa OA, Bievre M, Bondy CA: Androgens promote oocyte insulin-like growth factor I expression and initiation of follicle development in the primate ovary.Biol Reprod 1999, 61:353-357.
32.
Weil S, Vendola K, Zhou J, Bondy CA: Androgen and follicle-stimulating hormone interactions in primate ovarian follicle development.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:2951-2956.
33.
Zachos NC, Billiar RB, Albrecht ED, Pepe GJ: Developmental regulation of baboon fetal ovarian maturation by estrogen.Biol Reprod 2002, 67:1148-1156.
34.
Zachos NC, Billiar RB, Albrecht ED, Pepe GJ: Regulation of oocyte microvilli development in the baboon fetal ovary by estrogen.Endocrinology 2004, 145:959-966.
35.
Cecconi S, Ciccarelli C, Barberi M, Macchiarelli G, Canipari R: Granulosa cell-oocyte interactions.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004, 115(Suppl 1):S19-22.
36.
Sar M, Welsch F: Differential expression of estrogen receptor-beta and estrogen receptor-alpha in the rat ovary.Endocrinology 1999, 140:963-971.
37.
Sharma SC, Clemens JW, Pisarska MD, Richards JS: Expression and function of estrogen receptor subtypes in granulosa cells: regulation by estradiol and forskolin.Endocrinology 1999, 140:4320-4334.
38.
Couse JF, Yates MM, Sanford R, Nyska A, Nilson JH, Korach KS: Formation of cystic ovarian follicles associated with elevated luteinizing hormone requires estrogen receptor-beta.Endocrinology 2004, 145:4693-4702.
39.
Couse JF, Korach KS: Contrasting phenotypes in reproductive tissues of female estrogen receptor null mice.Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001, 948:1-8.
40.
Couse JF, Bunch DO, Lindzey J, Schomberg DW, Korach KS: Prevention of the polycystic ovarian phenotype and characterization of ovulatory capacity in the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse.Endocrinology 1999, 140:5855-5865.
41.
Krege JH, Hodgin JB, Couse JF, Enmark E, Warner M, Mahler JF, Sar M, Korach KS, Gustafsson JA, Smithies O: Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998, 95:15677-15682.
42.
Couse JF, Yates MM, Deroo BJ, Korach KS: Estrogen receptor-beta is critical to granulosa cell differentiation and the ovulatory response to gonadotropins.Endocrinology 2005, 146:3247-3262.
43.
Emmen JM, Couse JF, Elmore SA, Yates MM, Kissling GE, Korach KS: In vitro growth and ovulation of follicles from ovaries of estrogen receptor (ER){alpha} and ER{beta} null mice indicate a role for ER{beta} in follicular maturation.Endocrinology 2005, 146:2817-2826.
44.
Britt KL, Saunders PK, McPherson SJ, Misso ML, Simpson ER, Findlay JK: Estrogen actions on follicle formation and early follicle development.Biol Reprod 2004, 71:1712-1723.
45.
Britt KL, Findlay JK: Estrogen actions in the ovary revisited.J Endocrinol 2002, 175:269-276.
46.
Dohler KD, Hancke JL, Srivastava SS, Hofmann C, Shryne JE, Gorski RA: Participation of estrogens in female sexual differentiation of the brain; neuroanatomical, neuroendocrine and behavioral evidence.Prog Brain Res 1984, 61:99-117.
47.
Couse JF, Yates MM, Walker VR, Korach KS: Characterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in estrogen receptor (ER) Null mice reveals hypergonadism and endocrine sex reversal in females lacking ERalpha but not ERbeta.Mol Endocrinol 2003, 17:1039-1053.
48.
Britt KL, Stanton PG, Misso M, Simpson ER, Findlay JK: The effects of estrogen on the expression of genes underlying the differentiation of somatic cells in the murine gonad.Endocrinology 2004, 145:3950-3960.
49.
Abbott DH, Barnett DK, Bruns CM, Dumesic DA: Androgen excess fetal programming of female reproduction: a developmental aetiology for polycystic ovary syndrome?Hum Reprod Update 2005, 11:357-374.
50.
Clarke IJ, Scaramuzzi RJ, Short RV: Ovulation in prenatally androgenized ewes.J Endocrinol 1977, 73:385-389.
51.
Birch RA, Padmanabhan V, Foster DL, Unsworth WP, Robinson JE: Prenatal programming of reproductive neuroendocrine function: fetal androgen exposure produces progressive disruption of reproductive cycles in sheep.Endocrinology 2003, 144:1426-1434.
52.
Manikkam M, Steckler TS, Welch KB, Inskeep EK, Padmanabhan V: Fetal Programming: Prenatal Testosterone Treatment Leads to Follicular Persistence/Luteal Defects. Partial Restoration of Ovarian Function by Cyclic Progesterone Treatment.Endocrinology, in press. 2005, Dec 22
53.
Sullivan SD, Moenter SM: Prenatal androgens alter GABAergic drive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons: implications for a common fertility disorder.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:7129-7134.
54.
Swanson HE, Werff ten Bosch JJ: The "early-androgen" syndrome; effects of pre-natal testosterone propionate.Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1965, 50:379-390.
55.
Fels E, Bosch LR: Effect of prenatal administration of testosterone on ovarian function in rats.Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971, 111:964-969.
56.
Foecking EM, Szabo M, Schwartz NB, Levine JE: Neuroendocrine consequences of prenatal androgen exposure in the female rat: absence of luteinizing hormone surges, suppression of progesterone receptor gene expression, and acceleration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator.Biol Reprod 2005, 72:1475-1483.
57.
Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Eisner JR, Kemnitz JW, Goy RW: The prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkey as a model for PCOS.In Androgen excess disorders in women. Edited by: Azziz R, Nestler JE, Dewailly D. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven; 1997:369-382.
58.
Steiner RA, Clifton DK, Spies HG, Resko JA: Sexual differentiation and feedback control of luteinizing hormone secretion in the rhesus monkey.Biol Reprod 1976, 15:206-212.
59.
Robinson JE, Forsdike RA, Taylor JA: In utero exposure of female lambs to testosterone reduces the sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal network to inhibition by progesterone.Endocrinology 1999, 140:5797-5805.
60.
Sarma HN, Manikkam M, Herkimer C, Dell'Orco J, Welch KB, Foster DL, Padmanabhan V: Fetal programming: excess prenatal testosterone reduces postnatal LH, but not FSH responsiveness to estradiol negative feedback in the female.Endocrinology 2005, 146:4281-4291.
61.
Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Franks S: Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome – a hypothesis.J Endocrinol 2002, 174:1-5.
62.
Abbott DH, Zhou R, Bruns CM, Bird IM, Kemnitz JW, Turk JM, Dumesic DA: Pioglitazone normalizes menstrual cycle duration and improves insulin sensitivity in a nonhuman primate model for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Volume 90. Abstract OR14-3 presented at the 86th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, New Orleans, LA; 2004.
63.
Eisner JR, Dumesic DA, Kemnitz JW, Abbott DH: Timing of prenatal androgen excess determines differential impairment in insulin secretion and action in adult female rhesus monkeys.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000, 85:1206-1210.
64.
Recabarren SE, Padmanabhan V, Codner E, Lobos A, Duran C, Vidal M, Foster DL, Sir-Petermann T: Postnatal developmental consequences of altered insulin sensitivity in female sheep treated prenatally with testosterone.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005, 289:E801-E806.
65.
Eisner JR, Dumesic DA, Kemnitz JW, Colman RJ, Abbott DH: Increased adiposity in female rhesus monkeys exposed to androgen excess during early gestation.Obes Res 2003, 11:279-286.
66.
Steckler T, Wang J, Bartol FF, Roy SK, Padmanabhan V: Fetal programming: prenatal testosterone treatment causes intrauterine growth retardation, reduces ovarian reserve and increases ovarian follicular recruitmen.Endocrinology 2005, 146:3185-3193.
67.
Maciel GA, Baracat EC, Benda JA, Markham SM, Hensinger K, Chang RJ, Erickson GF: Stockpiling of transitional and classic primary follicles in ovaries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:5321-5327.
68.
Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru JK, Tilly JL: Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary.Nature 2004, 428:145-150.
69.
Dumesic DA, Schramm RD, Bird IM, Peterson E, Paprocki AM, Zhou R, Abbott DH: Reduced intrafollicular androstenedione and estradiol levels in early-treated prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys receiving follicle-stimulating hormone therapy for in vitro fertilization.Biol Reprod 2003, 69:1213-1219.
70.
Dumesic DA, Schramm RD, Abbott DH: Early origins of polycystic ovary syndrome.Reprod Fertil Dev 2005, 17:349-360.
71.
Hickey TE, Marrocco DL, Amato F, Ritter LJ, Norman RJ, Gilchrist RB, Armstrong DT: Androgens augment the mitogenic effects of oocyte-secreted factors and growth differentiation factor 9 on porcine granulosa cells.Biol Reprod 2005, 73:825-832.
72.
Zheng P, Si W, Bavister BD, Yang J, Ding C, Ji W: 17Beta-estradiol and progesterone improve in-vitro cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes from unstimulated prepubertal and adult rhesus monkeys.Hum Reprod 2003, 18:2137-2144.
73.
Tesarik J, Mendoza C: Nongenomic effects of 17 beta-estradiol on maturing human oocytes: relationship to oocyte developmental potential.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995, 80:1438-1443.
74.
Rom E, Reich R, Laufer N, Lewin A, Rabinowitz R, Pevsner B, Lancet M, Shenker JG, Miskin R, Adelmann-Grill BC, Tsafriri A: Follicular fluid contents as predictors of success of in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.Hum Reprod 1987, 2:505-510.
75.
Kreiner D, Liu HC, Itskovitz J, Veeck L, Rosenwaks Z: Follicular fluid estradiol and progesterone are markers of preovulatory oocyte quality.Fertil Steril 1987, 48:991-994.
76.
Wallen K, Baum MJ: Masculinization and defeminization in altricial and precocial mammals: comparative aspects of steroid hormone action.In Hormones, Brain and Behavior. Volume 4. Edited by: Pfaff DW, Arnold AP, Etgen AM, Fahrbach SE, Rubin RT. San Diego, Academic Press; 2002:385-423.
77.
Haney AF, Newbold RR, McLachlan JA: Prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure in the mouse: effects on ovarian histology and steroidogenesis in vitro.Biol Reprod 1984, 30:471-478.
78.
McLachlan JA, Newbold RR, Bullock BC: Long-term effects on the female mouse genital tract associated with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol.Cancer Res 1980, 40:3988-3999.
79.
Wu CH, Mangan CE, Burtnett MM, Mikhail G: Plasma hormones in DES-exposed females.Obstet Gynecol 1980, 55:157-162.
80.
Pomerance W: Post-stilbestrol secondary syndrome.Obstet Gynecol 1973, 42:12.
81.
Bibbo M, Gill WB, Azizi F, Blough R, Fang VS, Rosenfield RL, Schumacher GF, Sleeper K, Sonek MG, Wied GL: Follow-up study of male and female offspring of DES-exposed mothers.Obstet Gynecol 1977, 49:1-8.
82.
Barnes AB: Menstrual history of young women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol.Fertil Steril 1979, 32:148-153.
83.
Couse JF, Dixon D, Yates M, Moore AB, Ma L, Maas R, Korach KS: Estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice exhibit resistance to the developmental effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on the female reproductive tract.Dev Biol 2001, 238:224-238.
84.
Sharpe RM, Franks S: Environment, lifestyle and infertility – an inter-generational issue.Nat Cell Biol 2002, (4 Suppl):s33-s40.
85.
Hughes CL, Mathur R, Geller D: Environmental factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: Are there plausible cause-and-effect hypotheses?In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Edited by: Chang RJ, Heindel JJ, Dunaif A. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY; 2002:287-306.
86.
Gupta C: Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals.Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000, 224:61-68.
Answers to all your Biology Questions
