The earthworm bioassay was able to assess reductions in metal bioavailability and …

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Biology Articles » Agriculture » Assessment of Metal Availability in Smelter Soil Using Earthworms and Chemical Extractions » Table

Table

- Assessment of Metal Availability in Smelter Soil Using Earthworms and Chemical Extractions

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Table 1. Total and Ca(NO₃)₂-extractable metal concentrations and pH of soil–remediation amendment combinations (mean, n = 3, 95% CI). Within each soil type, means in columns with the same superscript were not significantly different (P > 0.05, Fisher's protected LSD).

Cd Pb Zn Soil remediation Total Ca(NO3)2- extractable % Total Ca(NO3)2- extractable % Total Ca(NO3)2- extractable % pH Organic matter   _ mmol/kg _   _ mmol/kg _   _ mmol/kg _     g C/kg Blackwell smelter soil                        None 3.02a 1.39a 46.1 2.62a 0.007a 0.3 229a 15.8a 6.9 6.24b,c 14.6c   (2.95–3.09) (1.29–1.51)   (2.54–2.71) (0.004–0.13)   (191–266) (11.6–21.5)   (6.04–6.44) (13.8–15.5)  LSB 3.04a 0.12c 4.0 2.57a 0.001c 0.0 210a 0.620c 0.3 7.25a 25.0b   (2.54–3.56) (0.11–0.14)   (1.97–3.17) (0.001–0.002)   (187–233) (0.490–0.786)   (6.90–7.60) (22.7–27.5)  RP 2.93a 0.60b 20.5 2.50a 0.003b 0.1 218a 11.5b 5.3 6.32b 14.5c   (2.29–3.58) (0.57–0.64)   (2.32–2.68) (0.002–0.004)   (209–228) (10.4–12.7)   (6.27–6.38) (14.2–14.9)  SS 3.23a 0.63b 19.6 2.69a 0.002b 0.1 217a 18.2a 8.4 6.14c 31.3a   (2.54–3.93) (0.58–0.69)   (2.58–2.80) (0.001–0.004)   (194–241) (16.3–20.4)   (6.09–6.19) (28.3–34.8) Taloka reference soil                        None BDL BDL¶ – 0.05b BDL¶ – 0.46c BDL¶ – 7.15b 7.5d         (0.03–0.07)     (0.45–0.47)     (6.95–7.36) (6.8–8.3)  LSB 0.04b BDL¶ – 0.10b BDL¶ – 2.74a 0.007b 0.3 7.61a 18.1b   (0.03–0.04)     (0.07–0.12)     (2.49–3.05) (0.001–0.012)   (7.24–7.99) (16.1–20.3)  RP 0.05a BDL¶ – 0.05b BDL¶ – 1.29b 0.003b 0.2 7.06b,c 10.4c   (0.04–0.06)     (0.01–0.10)     (1.15–1.47) (-0.004–0.009)   (6.58–7.54) (9.5–11.5)  SS 0.05a BDL¶ – 0.21a BDL¶ – 2.63a 0.026a 1.0 6.85c 29.7a (0.03–0.07) (0.06–0.36) (1.84–4.60) (0.014–0.038) (6.42–7.28) (25.8–34.2)

LSB, lime-stabilized municipal sewage sludge biosolids; RP, rock phosphate; SS, anaerobically digested municipal sewage sludge biosolids.

Percent of total metal that was Ca(NO₃)₂-extractable.

Below method detection limit for total Cd analysis of 0.012 mmol/kg soil.

^¶ Below method detection limit for Ca(NO₃)₂-extractable Cd, Pb, or Zn analysis of 0.005, 0.0002, or 0.002 mmol/kg soil, respectively.

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