1.
Hill S, Henry DA: National medicinal drug policies: their relationship to pharmacoepidemiology.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:433-447.
2.
Black N: Why we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care.BMJ 1996, 312(7040):1215-1218.
3.
Strom BL: Study designs available for pharmacoepidemiology.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:247-262.
4.
Jick H, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Perez-Gutthann S: Principles of epidemiological research on adverse and beneficial drug effects (review).Lancet 1998, 352(9142):1767-1770.
5.
Strom BL: Other approaches to pharmacoepidemiology.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:387-399.
6.
Susser M: Causal thinking in the health sciences: concepts and strategies in epidemiology.London: Oxford University Press; 1973.
7.
Tukey JW, Brillinger DR: The collected works of John W. Tukey, philosophy and principles of data analysis 1965–1986.Volume IV. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Advanced Books & Software; 1986.
8.
Hall WD: A simplified logic of causal inference.Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1987, 21(4):507-513.
9.
Kenny DA: Correlation and causality.New York: Wiley; 1979.
10.
Strom BL: When should one perform pharmacoepidemiology studies?In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:63-71.
11.
Altman DG, Gardner MJ: Statistics with confidence: confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. 2nd edition. London: BMJ Books; 2000.
12.
Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT: Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference.Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 2002.
13.
Little RJ, Rubin DB: Causal effects in clinical and epidemiological studies via potential outcomes: concepts and analytical approaches.Annu Rev Public Health 2000, 21:121-145.
14.
Fisher RA: The design of experiments. 4th edition. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; 1947.
15.
Cook TD, Campbell DT: Quasi-experimentation: design & analysis issues for field settings.Chicago: Rand McNally College Pub. Co; 1979.
16.
Rosenbaum PR: Observational studies.New York: Springer-Verlag; 1995.
17.
Greenland S: Introduction to regression modeling.In Modern epidemiology. 2nd edition. Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998:400-432.
18.
Greenland S: Introduction to regression models.In Modern epidemiology. 2nd edition. Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998:359-399.
19.
Cohen J: Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 3rd edition. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates; 2003.
20.
Rubin DB: Estimating causal effects from large data sets using propensity scores.Ann Intern Med 1997, 127:757-763.
21.
Greenland S: Basic methods for sensitivity analysis and external adjustment.In Modern epidemiology. 2nd edition. Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998:400-432.
22.
US Surgeon General: Smoking and HealthWashington DC: Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1964.
23.
Young AF, Dobson AJ, Byles JE: Health services research using linked records: who consents and what is the gain?Aust N Z J Public Health 2001, 25:417-420.
24.
Sibthorpe B, Kliewer E, Smith L: Record linkage in Australian epidemiological research: health benefits, privacy safeguards and future potential.Aust J Public Health 1995, 19:250-256
25.
Carson JL, Ray WA, Strom BL: Medicaid databases.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:308-324.
26.
Downey W, Beck P, McNutt M, Stang M, Osei W, Nichol J: Health databases in Saskatchewan.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:325-345.
27.
Leufkens HG, Urquhart J: Automated pharmacy record linkage in the Netherlands.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:347-360.
28.
Rodriguez LAG, Perez-Gutthamm S, Jick S: The U.K. General Practice Research Database.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:375-385.
29.
Saunders KW, Davis RL, Stergachis A: Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:247-262.
30.
Friedman GD, Habel LA, Boles M, McFarland BH: Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program: Division of Research, Northern California, and Center for Health Research, Northwest Division.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:263-283.
31.
Schneeweiss S, Glyn RJ, Tsai EH, Avorn J, Solomon DH: Adjusting for unmeasured confounders in pharmacological claims data using external information: the example of COX2 inhibitors and myocardial infarction.Epidemiology 2005, 16:17-24.
32.
Kelman CW, Bass AJ, Holman CD: Research use of linked health data–a best practice protocol.Aust N Z J Public Health 2002, 26(3):251-255.
33.
Ray WA: Policy and program analysis using administrative databases.Ann Intern Med 1997, 127(8 Pt 2):712-718.
34.
Collet J-P, Boivin J-F: Bias and confounding in pharmacoepidemiology.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:765-784.
35.
McMahon AD, MacDonald TM: Design issues for drug epidemiology.Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000, 50(5):419-425.
36.
Strom BL, Melman KL: The use of pharmacoepidemiology to study beneficial drug effects.In Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd edition. Edited by: Strom BL. Chichester: Wiley; 2000:553-572.
37.
Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Koepsell TD, Rosendaal FR, Lin D, Heckbert SR, Wagner EH, Furberg CD: Hypertension and outcomes research. From clinical trials to clinical epidemiology.Am J Hypertens 1996, 9(2):178-183.
38.
Christenfeld NJ, Sloan RP, Carroll D, Greenland S: Risk factors, confounding, and the illusion of statistical control.Psychosom Med 2004, 66(6):868-875.
39.
Morgenstern H: Ecologic studies.In Modern epidemiology. 2nd edition. Edited by: Rothman K, Greenland S. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998:459-480.
40.
Achen CH, Shivley WP: Cross-level inference.Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1995.
41.
Selvin H: Durkeim's suicide and problems of empirical research.Am J Sociol 1958, 607-619.
42.
Susser M: The logic in ecological: II. The logic of design.Am J Public Health 1994, 84:830-835.
43.
Greenland S: Ecologic inference problems in the analysis of surveillance data.In Monitoring the health of populations: statistical principles and methods for public health surveillance. Edited by: Brookmeyer R, Stroup DF. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004:315-340.
44.
Buehler JW: Surveillance.In Modern epidemiology. Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998:435-457.
45.
Stroup DF, Brookmayer R, Kalsbeek WD: Public health surveillance in action: a framework.In Monitoring the health of populations: statistical principles and methods for public health surveillance. Edited by: Brookmeyer R, Stroup DF. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004:1-35.
46.
Hall WD, Mant A, Mitchell PB, Rendle VA, Hickie IB, McManus P: Association between antidepressant prescribing and suicide in Australia, 1991–2000: trend analysis.BMJ 2003, 326(7397):1008-1011.
47.
Ludwig J, Marcotte DE: Anti-depressants, suicide, and drug regulation.J Policy Anal Manage 2005, 24(2):249-272.
48.
Biglan A, Ary D, Wagenaar AC: The value of interrupted time-series experiments for community intervention research.Prev Sci 2000, 1(1):31-49.
49.
Rehm J, Gmel G: Aggregate time-series regression in the field of alcohol.Addiction 2001, 96(7):945-954.
50.
Wagner AK, Soumerai SB, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D: Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research.J Clin Pharm Ther 2002, 27(4):299-309.
51.
Nelson BK: Statistical methodology: V. Time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models.Acad Emerg Med 1998, 5(7):739-744.
52.
Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics: Pharmacoepidemiology module 5: time series analysisNewcastle, NSW: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle; 2001.
53.
Campbell DT, Russo MJ: Social experimentation.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999.
54.
Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Mahonen M, Tolonen H, Ruokokoski E, Amouyel P: Contribution of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA project populations. Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease.Lancet 1999, 353(9164):1547-1557.
55.
Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M, Mahonen M, Cepaitis Z, Kuulasmaa K, Keil U: Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations.Lancet 2000, 355(9205):688-700.
56.
Ramsey SD, McIntosh M, Etzioni R, Urban N: Simulation modeling of outcomes and cost effectiveness.Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2000, 14(4):925-938.
57.
Etzioni R, Legler JM, Feuer EJ, Merrill RM, Cronin KA, Hankey BF: Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer–part III: Quantifying the link between population prostate-specific antigen testing and recent declines in prostate cancer mortality.J Natl Cancer Inst 1999, 91(12):1033-1039.
58.
Feuer EJ, Mariotto A, Merrill R: Modeling the impact of the decline in distant stage disease on prostate carcinoma mortality rates.Cancer 2002, 95(4):870-880.
59.
Hall WD, Einfeld S: On doing the "impossible": inferring that a putative causal relationship does not exist.Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1990, 24(2):217-226.