The major objective of this article is to review current knowledge about …

• Abstract
• Submaximal growth of sow-reared piglets ...
• Acknowledgements
• Literature Cited
• Figures
• Tables

Biology Articles » Agriculture » Animal Production » Arginine Nutrition in Neonatal Pigs » Figures

Figures

- Arginine Nutrition in Neonatal Pigs

FIGURE 1 Pathways of intestinal citrulline and arginine synthesis from glutamine and proline in pigs. ASL, argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1); Asp, aspartate; ASS, argininosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.5); CP, carbamoylphosphate; CPS-I (EC 6.3.4.16); Glu, glutamate; -KG, -ketoglutarate; NAGS (EC 2.3.1.1); OAT, ornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13); OCT, ornithine carbamoyltransferase (2.1.3.3); PDG, phosphate-dependent glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2); P5CS (EC number not assigned); and PO, proline oxidase (EC number not assigned). All enzymes, except for cytosolic ASS and ASL, are located in mitochondria. Arginine and N-acetylglutamate are allosteric activators of NAGS and CPS-I, respectively.

FIGURE 2 Net synthesis of citrulline and arginine from glutamine (panel A) and postnatal changes in mitochondrial N-acetylglutamate (NAG) concentration (panel B) in jejunal enterocytes of sow-reared piglets. Data are means ± SEM, n = 6. Data for citrulline and arginine synthesis are adapted from Wu (27). NAG was measured using HPLC, as previously described (32). a–c: For both arginine and citrulline synthesis values and for NAG values, means sharing different letters are different (P < 0.01), as analyzed by one-way ANOVA (SAS Institute).

FIGURE 3 Structures of NCG and NAG. NCG is not degraded by cellular deacylase or amino acid-metabolic enzymes. Therefore, NCG is a metabolically stable analogue of NAG

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FIGURE 4 Effect of N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG) on citrulline and arginine synthesis from glutamine (panel A) and proline (panel B) in enterocytes of 14-d-old sow-reared pigs. Data are means ± SEM, n = 5. Jejunal enterocytes were incubated at 37°C for 45 min in Krebs bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2 mmol/L [U-¹⁴C]glutamine or 2 mmol/L glutamine plus 2 mmol/L [U-¹⁴C]proline (27) and 0 or 2 mmol/L NCG. Rates of citrulline and arginine synthesis were measured as described by Wu (27). *P < 0.01 vs. control (no NCG), as analyzed by paired t test (SAS Institute).