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Biology Articles » Ecology » Air pollution and lung function among susceptible adult subjects: a panel study » Tables

Tables
- Air pollution and lung function among susceptible adult subjects: a panel study

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Table 1: Characteristics of study subjects and group averages of lung function parameters over the survey periods


Panel




COPD
 Asthma
 IHD

Variable (unit)
 Gender
 Obs
 Mean
 SD
 Obs
 Mean
 SD
 Obs
 Mean
 SD
Age (years)
 Male
 7
 67
 11
 5
 33
 15
 6
 63
 11

Female
 4
 65
 7
 6
 48
 10
 1
 64
 -

Total
 11
 67
 9.1
 11
 41
 14
 7
 64
 10
BMI (kg/m2)
 Male
 7
 27
 6
 5
 25
 4
 6
 26
 3

Female
 4
 25
 3
 6
 23
 3
 1
 29
 -

Total
 11
 26
 5
 11
 24
 3
 7
 26
 3
FVC (% predicted)
 Male
 108
 63
 10
 38
 113
 11
 139
 81
 10

Female
 63
 61
 9
 70
 116
 12
 31
 80
 4

Total
 171
 63
 10
 108
 115
 12
 170
 81
 9
FEV1 (% predicted)
 Male
 108
 45
 10
 38
 94
 13
 139
 84
 10

Female
 63
 47
 10
 70
 96
 18
 31
 84
 5

Total
 171
 45
 10
 108
 95
 16
 170
 84
 10
NO in exhaled breath (ppb)
 Male


37
 66
 40



Female


70
 42
 27



Total


107
 50
 34


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Table 2: Concentrations of PM, metals from PM2.5, gaseous pollutants, and climatic conditions (1999 spring and winter)

Variable
 Unit
 Spring
 Winter
 Overall




Obs
 Mean
 SD
 GMean
 IQR
 Obs
 Mean
 SD
 GMean
 IQR
 Mean
 SD
 GMean
 Min
 Max
 IQR
PM2.5*
 μg/m3
 32
 18.2
 5.0
 17.4
 8.1
 30
 36.7
 24.1
 27.8
 40.9
 27.2
 19.4
 21.8
 4.5
 100
 22.7
PM10–2.5 *
 μg/m3
 32
 18.7
 7.4
 17.4
 9.0
 30
 12.3
 5.4
 11.0
 8.3
 15.6
 7.2
 14.0
 3.4
 39.6
 7.1
PM10 *
 μg/m3
 32
 36.9
 10.8
 35.4
 13.1
 30
 49.0
 28.1
 40.2
 45.3
 42.8
 21.8
 37.6
 7.9
 123
 26.9
Cd
 ng/m3
 30
 0.29
 0.09
 0.27
 0.14
 30
 0.63
 0.50
 0.47
 0.47
 0.46
 0.40
 0.36
 0.09
 2.0
 0.31
Cr
 ng/m3
 30
 0.90
 0.47
 0.80
 0.61
 30
 2.8
 2.0
 2.2
 2.7
 1.9
 1.7
 1.3
 0.2
 9.8
 1.6
Fe
 ng/m3
 30
 339
 180
 303
 212
 30
 227
 132
 190
 208
 283
 167
 240
 54.1
 893
 202
Ni
 ng/m3
 30
 5.1
 4.7
 3.6
 4.2
 30
 4.6
 8.0
 2.7
 2.5
 4.8
 6.5
 3.1
 1.0
 42.3
 2.8
Pb
 ng/m3
 30
 24.4
 9.6
 22.2
 15.6
 30
 36.8
 23.8
 27.7
 33.5
 30.6
 19.0
 24.8
 2.2
 99.8
 19.9
Pt
 pg/m3
 30
 5.3
 6.8
 3.3
 3.9
 30
 4.6
 10.3
 1.4
 2.7
 5.0
 8.6
 2.2
 0.05
 54.9
 3.3
V
 ng/m3
 30
 2.4
 1.6
 2.0
 2.0
 30
 1.1
 0.52
 0.95
 0.97
 1.8
 1.4
 1.4
 0.47
 6.3
 1.3
Zn
 ng/m3
 30
 28.7
 13.0
 26.4
 15.1
 30
 63.0
 38.2
 51.4
 58.0
 45.8
 33.1
 36.8
 13.9
 159
 32.9
NO2 †
 μg/m3
 32
 76.1
 13.6
 75.0
 17.5
 35
 65.5
 13.3
 64.0
 14.6
 70.6
 14.4
 69.0
 27.6
 102
 20.9
CO†
 mg/m3
 32
 2.1
 0.3
 2.1
 0.50
 34
 12.3
 4.9
 11.5
 6.1
 7.4
 6.2
 5.0
 1.6
 28.9
 10.5
O3 ‡
 μg/m3
 32
 70.9
 12.5
 69.8
 16.9
 34
 16.0
 8.1
 14.3
 10.0
 42.6
 29.5
 30.8
 6.6
 95.3
 58.7
SO2 ‡
 μg/m3
 32
 4.7
 1.8
 4.3
 2.5
 35
 7.9
 2.2
 7.6
 3.9
 6.4
 2.6
 5.8
 1.2
 11.6
 4.0
T
 °C
 32
 23.7
 1.9
 23.7
 3.3
 35
 9.5
 2.1
 9.3
 2.7
 16.3
 7.4
 14.5
 5.3
 27.0
 14.3
RelHum
 %
 32
 46.5
 10.2
 45.4
 14.0
 35
 66.7
 13.5
 65.1
 14.0
 57.0
 15.7
 54.8
 29.0
 87.0
 24.0
BarP
 mm Hg
 32
 762
 2.6
 762
 3.4
 35
 762
 7.3
 762
 12.1
 762
 5.5
 762
 748
 773
 6.6
PM2.5 Indoor§
 μg/m3
 28
 24.7
 7.8
 23.7
 9.0
 31
 27.0
 12.0
 24.4
 18.8
 25.9
 10.2
 24.1
 10.2
 56.5
 14.4
*Averages of 24 h concentrations measured at 2 locations.
†Averages of 24 h concentrations recorded at 5 fixed sites.
‡Averages of 24 h concentrations recorded at 2 fixed sites.
§Averages of 24 h concentrations measured at 3 study participants' homes per season.

 

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Table 3: Correlations among pollutants and weather variables


PM2.5
 PM10–25
 PM10
 NO2
 O3
 CO
 SO2
 T
 RelHum
 BarP
PM2.5
 1








PM10–25
 0.34
 1







PM10
 0.93
 0.61
 1






NO2
 0.43
 0.51
 0.45
 1





O3
 -0.51
 0.31
 -0.36
 0.17
 1




CO
 0.67
 -0.09
 0.55
 0.05
 -0.87
 1



SO2
 0.34
 -0.16
 0.21
 0.01
 -0.61
 0.65
 1


T
 -0.31
 0.56
 -0.10
 0.36
 0.79
 -0.74
 -0.56
 1

RelHum
 0.17
 -0.37
 0.06
 -0.36
 -0.62
 0.54
 0.43
 -0.48
 1
BarP
 0.65
 0.24
 0.56
 0.47
 -0.15
 0.28
 0.18
 -0.15
 -0.17
 1
Table 4
Variations in respiratory function per unit increase of air pollutant concentrations in the three panels



PM2.5
 PM10–2.5
 PM10
 NO2
 CO
 O3
Pollutant increase

10 μg/m3
 10 μg/m3
 10 μg/m3
 10 μg/m3
 1 mg/m3
 10 μg/m3
Panel
 Outcome
 Time
 β *
 SE (β)
 p
 β
SE (β)
 p
 β
SE (β)
 p
 β
SE (β)
 p
 β
SE (β)
 p
 β
 SE (β)
 p
COPD
24 h†
 -0.80
 0.36
 0.027
 -1.32
 1.06
 0.210
 -0.66
 0.30
 0.027
 -0.72
 0.49
 0.139
 -0.14
 0.15
 0.353
 0.01
 0.57
 0.983

FVC (%)
 48 h‡
 -0.89
 0.41
 0.031
 -1.46
 1.31
 0.265
 -0.75
 0.35
 0.032
 -0.43
 0.58
 0.463
 -0.13
 0.18
 0.497
 0.18
 0.65
 0.783


72 h§
 -1.10
 0.55
 0.044
 -1.38
 1.53
 0.367
 -0.94
 0.47
 0.045
 -0.10
 0.70
 0.886
 0.15
 0.23
 0.508
 -0.03
 0.86
 0.977


24 h†
 -0.47
 0.33
 0.149
 -0.59
 0.95
 0.532
 -0.37
 0.27
 0.167
 -1.16
 0.41
 0.005
 -0.05
 0.13
 0.725
 -0.20
 0.50
 0.687

FEV1(%)
 48 h‡
 -0.69
 0.37
 0.061
 -1.01
 1.19
 0.396
 -0.58
 0.31
 0.067
 -1.38
 0.49
 0.005
 -0.12
 0.16
 0.467
 0.31
 0.56
 0.578


72 h§
 -1.06
 0.50
 0.032
 -0.90
 1.42
 0.524
 -0.87
 0.43
 0.040
 -0.94
 0.60
 0.117
 -0.03
 0.20
 0.900
 0.68
 0.74
 0.363
Asthma
24 h†
 -0.14
 0.29
 0.617
 -0.17
 0.75
 0.822
 -0.12
 0.24
 0.621
 -0.53
 0.31
 0.081
 0.02
 0.12
 0.842
 -0.33
 0.41
 0.416

FVC (%)
 48 h‡
 -0.07
 0.33
 0.825
 -0.36
 0.91
 0.695
 -0.09
 0.29
 0.750
 -0.59
 0.32
 0.065
 -0.001
 0.13
 0.995
 0.02
 0.42
 0.957


72 h§
 -0.06
 0.39
 0.886
 -0.24
 1.07
 0.824
 -0.08
 0.36
 0.836
 -0.54
 0.37
 0.149
 -0.06
 0.16
 0.700
 0.14
 0.50
 0.782


24 h†
 -0.30
 0.34
 0.372
 -0.67
 0.89
 0.448
 -0.28
 0.28
 0.317
 -1.10
 0.35
 0.002
 -0.05
 0.14
 0.704
 -0.41
 0.50
 0.421

FEV1(%)
 48 h‡
 -0.36
 0.39
 0.347
 -1.19
 1.07
 0.265
 -0.40
 0.34
 0.239
 -1.28
 0.37
 0.001
 -0.16
 0.15
 0.292
 -0.01
 0.51
 0.983


72 h§
 -0.40
 0.46
 0.384
 -0.51
 1.26
 0.689
 -0.40
 0.43
 0.351
 -1.17
 0.44
 0.007
 -0.28
 0.18
 0.126
 0.46
 0.60
 0.449
IHD
24 h†
 0.37
 0.26
 0.164
 0.37
 0.73
 0.617
 0.28
 0.22
 0.198
 0.15
 0.29
 0.612
 0.176
 0.101
 0.081
 0.58
 0.33
 0.077

FVC (%)
 48 h‡
 0.51
 0.29
 0.082
 -0.25
 0.88
 0.779
 0.35
 0.25
 0.160
 -0.06
 0.37
 0.868
 0.132
 0.120
 0.271
 0.36
 0.42
 0.392


72 h§
 0.73
 0.40
 0.069
 0.67
 1.04
 0.519
 0.59
 0.34
 0.079
 0.36
 0.47
 0.440
 0.132
 0.165
 0.425
 0.08
 0.60
 0.898


24 h†
 0.43
 0.33
 0.192
 0.25
 0.86
 0.770
 0.32
 0.27
 0.240
 -0.24
 0.36
 0.513
 0.204
 0.120
 0.088
 0.57
 0.39
 0.144

FEV1(%)
 48 h‡
 0.55
 0.34
 0.106
 -0.23
 1.02
 0.818
 0.38
 0.29
 0.193
 0.00
 0.44
 0.994
 0.114
 0.142
 0.420
 0.53
 0.50
 0.288


72 h§
 0.66
 0.47
 0.157
 0.18
 1.19
 0.877
 0.49
 0.39
 0.214
 0.21
 0.56
 0.710
 0.159
 0.194
 0.412
 0.65
 0.70
 0.354
*Regression coefficient from GEE models for panel data controlling for repeated individual observations, temperature, relative humidity, and day of the week (COPD and IHD panels) or β-2 stimulant inhalation (asthma panel), representing the change in lung function index (% of predicted) per unit increase of pollutant concentration.
†Concentration during the previous 24 hours.
‡Average concentration over the previous 48 hours.
§Average concentration over the previous 72 h.

 

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Source: Environ Health. 2006; 5: 11.  © 2006 Lagorio et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.


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